"Battle: A History of Combat and Culture" spans the globe and the centuries to explore the way ideas shape the conduct of warfare. Drawing its examples from Europe, the Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, and America, John A. Lynn challenges the belief that technology has been the dominant influence on combat from ancient times to the present day. In battle, ideas can be more far more important than bullets or bombs. Carl von Clausewitz proclaimed that war is politics, but even more basically, war is culture. The hard reality of armed conflict is formed by - and, in turn, forms - a culture's values, assumptions, and expectations about fighting. The author examines the relationship between the real and the ideal, arguing that feedback between the two follows certain discernable paths. Battle rejects the currently fashionable notion of a "Western way of warfare" and replaces it with more nuanced concepts of varied and evolving cultural patterns of combat. After considering history, Lynn finally asks how the knowledge gained might illuminate our understanding of the war on terrorism.

The Bayonets of the Republic challenges the view of the French revolutionary army as an unskilled but fiercely patriotic fighting force that won simply by overwhelming its enemies with bayonet assaults. Skillfully combining traditional and new military history, Lynn demonstrates that French combat effectiveness encompassed far more than mere patriotism or frenzied charges.Lynn focuses on the Armee du Nord, largest of the eleven armies which protected the borders of France at the height of the Revolution. He does not, however, restrict himself to an analysis of generalship or weaponry, but examines every aspect of life in the French army--from rank-and-file recruitment, officer selection, discipline, political education, and group cohesion, to the flexible use of line, column, and skirmishers on the battlefield. The image which emerges is one of a highly motivated, disciplined, and tactically superior army that outmaneuvered and outfought its opponents.For students of the French Revolution, Bayonets builds upon and extends the best of recent scholarship on subjects as diverse as the debate over conscription and the distribution of revolutionary newspapers and songbooks. For military historians, it combines social, organizational, and operational elements to present a unique view of the French army as an institution and fighting force. And, finally, for social scientists concerned with troop motivation and combat effectiveness, it supplies a highly illustrative case study of troops under fire.

@lt;P@gt;Warfare dominated the long reign of the Sun-king', Louis XIV. For forty years from 1672, France was continuously at war and had one of the largest armies seen in the West since the fall of imperial Rome. The campaigns secured little territory, but almost bankrupted the country and the consequences for the French monarchy were dramatic - contributing to its eventual downfall. John Lynn examines the wars for evidence of a coherent strategic policy; he explores the operational logistics of the campaigns; and considers their significance for France's diplomatic, political, mililtary, administrative and institutional @lt;BR@gt;@lt;BR@gt;This is the first modern, comprehensive study in any language, and offers a vivid insight into 17th and 18th century statesmanship and warfare - reaching a climax with the defeat of France by Marlborough at Blenheim.@lt;BR@gt;@lt;/P@gt;

Feeding Mars deals with logistics in western warfare across a broader time span and emphasizes the various ways in which the essential materials of war have been produced, acquired, and transported to fighting forces in the field.

Warfare dominated the long reign of the `Sun-king', Louis XIV. For forty years from 1672, France was continuously at war and had one of the largest armies seen in the West since the fall of imperial Rome. The campaigns secured little territory, but almost bankrupted the country and the consequences for the French monarchy were dramatic - contributing to its eventual downfall. John Lynn examines the wars for evidence of a coherent strategic policy; he explores the operational logistics of the campaigns; and considers their significance for France's diplomatic, political, mililtary, administrative and institutional This is the first modern, comprehensive study in any language, and offers a vivid insight into 17th and 18th century statesmanship and warfare - reaching a climax with the defeat of France by Marlborough at Blenheim.

The Bayonets of the Republic challenges the view of the French revolutionary army as an unskilled but fiercely patriotic fighting force that won simply by overwhelming its enemies with bayonet assaults. Skillfully combining traditional and new military history, Lynn demonstrates that French combat effectiveness encompassed far more than mere patriotism or frenzied charges.Lynn focuses on the Armee du Nord, largest of the eleven armies which protected the borders of France at the height of the Revolution. He does not, however, restrict himself to an analysis of generalship or weaponry, but examines every aspect of life in the French army--from rank-and-file recruitment, officer selection, discipline, political education, and group cohesion, to the flexible use of line, column, and skirmishers on the battlefield. The image which emerges is one of a highly motivated, disciplined, and tactically superior army that outmaneuvered and outfought its opponents.For students of the French Revolution, Bayonets builds upon and extends the best of recent scholarship on subjects as diverse as the debate over conscription and the distribution of revolutionary newspapers and songbooks. For military historians, it combines social, organizational, and operational elements to present a unique view of the French army as an institution and fighting force. And, finally, for social scientists concerned with troop motivation and combat effectiveness, it supplies a highly illustrative case study of troops under fire.

Mars must be fed. His tools of war demand huge quantities of fodder, fuel, ammunition, and food. All these must be produced, transported, and distributed to contending forces in the field. No one can doubt the importance of feeding Mars in modern warfare, and it takes no great effort to recognize that it has always been a major aspect of large scal

An accessible and comprehensive history of terrorism from ancient times to the present In the years since 9/11, there has been a massive surge in interest surrounding the study of terrorism. This volume applies distinguished military historian John Lynn's lifetime of research and teaching experience to this difficult topic. As a form of violence that implies the threat of future violence, terrorism breeds insecurity, vulnerability, and a desire for retribution that has far-reaching consequences. Lynn distinguishes between the paralyzing effect of fear and the potentially dangerous and chaotic effects of moral outrage and righteous retaliation guiding counterterrorism efforts. In this accessible and comprehensive text, Lynn traces the evolution of terrorism over time, exposing its constants and contrasts. In doing so, he contextualizes this violence and argues that a knowledge of the history and nature of terrorism can temper its psychological effects, and can help us more accurately and carefully assess threats as well as develop informed and measured responses.

Speak to the dead and hear from deceased loved ones? Is this possible? Are s ances real? Is it God's will or a counterfeit? What happens when you die? Is it the end, or is it a temporary pause before a new beginning? Do you know that some people on earth will escape death altogether? Read on for more detail or buy the book for a life-changing read. By definition, no one can be both "dead" and "alive." This book gives biblical answers to the following questions: What is death? Is death a "graduation"? Is death a friend or foe? What is the "soul"? Where are the dead? Why does God use the metaphor of "sleep" to describe death? When will the dead awaken? What are the practical benefits to believing the truth about this subject? After laying the groundwork by answering these questions, the book deals with 14 sections of Scripture commonly used to "prove" that the "dead" are "alive." With numerous references to other Christian writings, the authors show how Greek philosophers shaped the current "evangelical" doctrine of the immortality of the soul, and they briefly point out how and why the Reformation failed to reform this pagan belief that is now even more firmly entrenched in Christendom.

Speak to the dead and hear from deceased loved ones? Is this possible? Are s ances real? Is it God's will or a counterfeit? What happens when you die? Is it the end, or is it a temporary pause before a new beginning? Do you know that some people on earth will escape death altogether? Read on for more detail or buy the book for a life-changing read. By definition, no one can be both "dead" and "alive." This book gives biblical answers to the following questions: What is death? Is death a "graduation"? Is death a friend or foe? What is the "soul"? Where are the dead? Why does God use the metaphor of "sleep" to describe death? When will the dead awaken? What are the practical benefits to believing the truth about this subject? After laying the groundwork by answering these questions, the book deals with 14 sections of Scripture commonly used to "prove" that the "dead" are "alive." With numerous references to other Christian writings, the authors show how Greek philosophers shaped the current "evangelical" doctrine of the immortality of the soul, and they briefly point out how and why the Reformation failed to reform this pagan belief that is now even more firmly entrenched in Christendom.

The Gift Of Holy Spirit: The Power to Be Like Christ Power. Power to excel in all that life throws at you. Power to heal, help, and comfort those in need. If you are a Christian, knowing the power of God that lives within you will give you a real confidence in who you are and what you can do. Read on for more detail or buy the book for a life-changing read. The "Holy Spirit" is one of the most misunderstood subjects in Christendom today, and the rampant confusion regarding it is causing great spiritual and emotional damage to many sincere believers. Few Christians understand the difference between the "Holy Spirit" (God, the Giver) and the "holy spirit" (His gift to each person at the moment of his new birth as a Christian). Few know that the "baptism of the holy spirit" is synonymous with the new birth. Few know that speaking in tongues is not a "gift" of the spirit but a manifestation of the gift of holy spirit that every Christian already has and can utilize. The gift of holy spirit is the greatest gift God can give, and in this current "administration of the secret," which began on Pentecost and ends with the Rapture of all Christians, there are four distinct differences that are critical to understand. In the Old Testament, God chose who got holy spirit, He gave it by measure, it was conditional, and it was temporary. But what Jesus now gives is for all who choose to make him Lord, it is without measure, unconditional, and permanent. God anointed Jesus with holy spirit to equip him for his ministry, and now the risen Lord Jesus anoints each person with that same power the moment he is born again. You can walk in the same power Jesus did and be like him.

Look at all the pain and suffering in the world. Why would a loving God allow this to happen? Why do bad things happen to good people? Is God really on your side, and is He really doing all He can to help you in every situation? Read on for more detail or buy the book for a life-changing read. This book addresses what is probably the number one question most people have about God: If He is a loving God, why is there such tragedy and rampant human suffering? Don't Blame God shows biblically that God is not at all to blame, that the cause of all suffering is sin, and it shows whose sin. It shows why Jesus Christ is the fulcrum of history in this regard, and resolves the seemingly apparent contradiction between the nature of the Old Testament God and that of the New Testament God, which, of course, are the same changeless, loving God. The book exposes the myth that God is totally in control of all that happens (which would make Him responsible for it) and shows that He and His Son Jesus Christ are doing all they can to intervene in the realm of Satan's authority and help us. A chapter on faith shows what faith is and how it helps us to access the power of God. The book shows how God does "test" us, but only by asking us to do His will for our benefit, never by tragedy or affliction. It explains what the "chastening" of God is and why it has nothing to do with anything like punishing us. The redemptive value of the proper response to suffering is also discussed. Letting God speak for Himself and seeing the truth of His Word about the subject of evil, sin, and suffering will help you grow immensely in love for God and His Son, in faith for their promises, and in hope of the final victory that is ours, enabling you to live with joy and peace, even in a "war zone."

The Gift Of Holy Spirit: The Power to Be Like Christ Power. Power to excel in all that life throws at you. Power to heal, help, and comfort those in need. If you are a Christian, knowing the power of God that lives within you will give you a real confidence in who you are and what you can do. Read on for more detail or buy the book for a life-changing read. The "Holy Spirit" is one of the most misunderstood subjects in Christendom today, and the rampant confusion regarding it is causing great spiritual and emotional damage to many sincere believers. Few Christians understand the difference between the "Holy Spirit" (God, the Giver) and the "holy spirit" (His gift to each person at the moment of his new birth as a Christian). Few know that the "baptism of the holy spirit" is synonymous with the new birth. Few know that speaking in tongues is not a "gift" of the spirit but a manifestation of the gift of holy spirit that every Christian already has and can utilize. The gift of holy spirit is the greatest gift God can give, and in this current "administration of the secret," which began on Pentecost and ends with the Rapture of all Christians, there are four distinct differences that are critical to understand. In the Old Testament, God chose who got holy spirit, He gave it by measure, it was conditional, and it was temporary. But what Jesus now gives is for all who choose to make him Lord, it is without measure, unconditional, and permanent. God anointed Jesus with holy spirit to equip him for his ministry, and now the risen Lord Jesus anoints each person with that same power the moment he is born again. You can walk in the same power Jesus did and be like him.

Don't Blame God A Biblical Answer to the Problem of Evil, Sin and Suffering Look at all the pain and suffering in the world. Why would a loving God allow this to happen? Why do bad things happen to good people? Is God really on your side, and is He really doing all He can to help you in every situation? Read on for more detail or buy the book for a life-changing read. This book addresses what is probably the number one question most people have about God: If He is a loving God, why is there such tragedy and rampant human suffering? Don't Blame God shows biblically that God is not at all to blame, that the cause of all suffering is sin, and it shows whose sin. It shows why Jesus Christ is the fulcrum of history in this regard, and resolves the seemingly apparent contradiction between the nature of the Old Testament God and that of the New Testament God, which, of course, are the same changeless, loving God. The book exposes the myth that God is totally in control of all that happens (which would make Him responsible for it) and shows that He and His Son Jesus Christ are doing all they can to intervene in the realm of Satan's authority and help us. A chapter on faith shows what faith is and how it helps us to access the power of God. The book shows how God does "test" us, but only by asking us to do His will for our benefit, never by tragedy or affliction. It explains what the "chastening" of God is and why it has nothing to do with anything like punishing us. The redemptive value of the proper response to suffering is also discussed. Letting God speak for Himself and seeing the truth of His Word about the subject of evil, sin, and suffering will help you grow immensely in love for God and His Son, in faith for their promises, and in hope of the final victory that is ours, enabling you to live with joy and peace, even in a "war zone."

Do you want to know who Jesus Christ really is? Was he a man, or God, or both? Can you really relate to him and be like him? Knowing who the Bible says Jesus is, what he did for you, and what he wants to do for you now will both delight and encourage you. Read on for more detail or buy the book for a life-changing read. "Who do you say that I am?" Jesus of Nazareth posed this question to his followers nearly two thousand years ago, and it still hangs in the air, demanding an eventual answer from every person who has lived since that time. Indeed, the question of the identity of Jesus Christ is the most important theological issue of all human history, because he claimed to be the human Son of the one true God. ONE GOD & ONE LORD carefully re-examines the biblical evidence in light of modern textual research and a thorough survey of scholarly opinion. It argues that the biblically accurate answer to the question of his identity is provided by Peter, John, Mary, Paul, and other first-century believers who unanimously proclaimed him to be "the Christ, the Son of the living God." Building an impressive and compelling case for the unity of the biblical testimony concerning the true humanity of Jesus, "the last Adam," the book reveals the profound significance of the two aspects of his coming: suffering and glory. They seek a view of Christ that allows for a total appreciation of his steadfast obedience to God in the face of temptation, suffering, and even a humiliating death. Vindicated by his resurrection, he entered into glory and now sits in a position of functional equality with God, analogous to the relationship of Joseph and Pharaoh in the Book of Genesis. ONE GOD & ONE LORD shows how the traditional view of Jesus Christ actually diminishes the magnitude of his heroism on our behalf by attributing to him "intrinsic deity" that essentially eliminates the possibility of either authentic temptation or failure. Because the Gospel of John is often isolated and magnified to establish and fortify "orthodox" Christology, this work explores in depth the unique depiction of Christ in "the Fourth Gospel." It succeeds in placing John's testimony harmoniously and understandably within the margins of the prophetic portrait of the Messiah. This portrait is drawn out in detail in the Hebrew Scriptures and fleshed out in the Synoptic Gospels. Nowhere in this portrait is it clear that Messiah was "God incarnate," "God the Son," or a pre-existent divine visitor. Appealing primarily to scriptural authority and logical reasoning, ONE GOD & ONE LORD also thoroughly examines the historical process by which traditional Christian orthodoxy came to be established. It shows that a combination of misguided Christian piety and pagan speculation is responsible for the intrusion of unbiblical concepts into basic Christian thought and doctrine. ONE GOD & ONE LORD may challenge you, but it profoundly encourages both Christian devotion and a deep appreciation for the integrity of the Word of God. It will greatly reward the careful attention of the critic of Christianity, the new Christian, students of the Bible, pastors, teachers, and scholars.

Women, Armies, and Warfare in Early Modern Europe examines the important roles of women who campaigned with armies from 1500 to 1815. This included those notable female individuals who assumed male identities to serve in the ranks, but far more numerous and essential were the formidable women who, as women, marched in the train of armies. While some worked as full-time or part-time prostitutes, they more generally performed a variety of necessary gendered tasks, including laundering, sewing, cooking, and nursing. Early modern armies were always accompanied by women and regarded them as essential to the well-being of the troops. Lynn argues that, before 1650, women were also fundamental to armies because they were integral to the pillage economy that maintained troops in the field.

Women, Armies, and Warfare in Early Modern Europe examines the important roles of women who campaigned with armies from 1500 to 1815. This included those notable female individuals who assumed male identities to serve in the ranks, but far more numerous and essential were the formidable women who, as women, marched in the train of armies. While some worked as full-time or part-time prostitutes, they more generally performed a variety of necessary gendered tasks, including laundering, sewing, cooking, and nursing. Early modern armies were always accompanied by women and regarded them as essential to the well-being of the troops. Lynn argues that, before 1650, women were also fundamental to armies because they were integral to the pillage economy that maintained troops in the field.

An 'invisible giant', the seventeenth-century French army was the largest and hungriest institution of the Bourbon monarchy. Combining social and cultural emphases with more traditional institutional and operational concerns, this book examines the army in depth, studying recruitment, composition, discipline, motivation, selection of officers, leadership, administration, logistics, weaponry, tactics, field warfare and siegecraft. The portrait that emerges differs from what current scholarship might have predicted. Instead of claiming that a 'military revolution' transformed warfare, Lynn stresses evolutionary change. This work also offers surprising insights into absolutism and the relationship between the monarchy and aristocracy. Questioning widely held assumptions about state formation and coercion, Lynn argues that this standing army was primarily devoted to border defence and only rarely to internal repression.

An "invisible giant," the seventeeth-century French army was the largest and hungriest institution of the Bourbon monarchy; yet it has received incomplete treatment and is poorly understood. Combining social and cultural emphases with more traditional institutional and operational concerns, this book examines the army in depth, studying recruitment, composition, discipline, motivation, selection of officers, leadership, administration, logistics, weaponry, tactics, field warfare, and siegecraft. The portrait that emerges differs from what current scholarship might have predicted. Instead of claiming that a "military revolution" transformed warfare, Lynn stresses evolutionary change. Questioning widely-held assumptions about state formation and coercion, he argues that this standing army was primarily devoted to border defense, and only rarely to internal repression.