This book provides the medical student, the surgeon in training, and the cardiologist with the theoretical foundations and some practical aspects of open heart surgery. An attempt has been made to present the material in a clear way by simplifying various concepts and theories and by employing many schematic illustrations. To present the subject matter in perspective, some chapters include historical notes. Although the book has been primarily designed to provide the theoretical background necessary for the optimal practice of open heart surgery, it also contains basic information on most surgical procedures for ischemic heart disease, acquired valvular disease, congenital heart disease, and various aspects of pre- and post-operative management.