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This important collection of essays is at the cutting edge of
contemporary research on Roman law, comparative law, and legal
history. The international and distinguished group of authors
address some of the most lively contemporary problems in their
respective fields, and provide new perspectives and insights in a
wide range of areas. With a firm focus on texts and contexts, the
papers come together to provide a coherent volume dedicated to one
of the greatest contemporary Romanists, legal historians and
comparative lawyers. The book covers Professor Watson's main fields
of interest in a clear and accessible form, while also making
available the scholarship of some individuals who do not normally
publish in English. This fully-indexed volume will be of interest
to all scholars and students of Roman law, ancient Jewish and
Chinese law, legal history and comparative law, and will be useful
for teaching and research in these fields.
The impact of air pollution on human health is currently of
international concern. A comprehensive review of the subject is
given in this volume, which complements the previous title covering
air quality management. Dealing with the common gaseous and
particulate air pollutants, including chemical carcinogens, it
reviews the epidemiological and exposure chamber study research as
well as considering mechanistic studies in the case of particulate
matter. Air Pollution and Health also addresses the practical issue
of setting standards for human exposure to air pollution by
including the philosophy of standard setting and a review of
currently available standards, along with a description of the
setting of USEPA revised standards for ozone and particulate
matter. Current knowledge of indoor air pollution is also
discussed. As with all other books in the series, this volume will
be of interest to the general public as well as being an important
reference source for all those involved in the field, be it as
student, industrialist, government agent, or health professional.
Enormous increases in agricultural productivity can properly be
associated with the use of chemicals. This statement applies
equally to crop production through the use of fertilizers,
herbicides and pesticides, as to livestock production and the
associated use of drugs, steroids and other growth accelerators.
There is, however a dark side to this picture and it is important
to balance the benefits which flow from the use of agricultural
chemicals against their environmental impacts which sometimes are
seriously disadvantageous. Agricultural Chemicals and the
Environment explores a variety of issues which currently are
subject to wide-ranging debate and are of concern not only to the
scientific establishment and to students, but also to farmers,
landowners, managers, legislators, and to the general public.
While much fundamental research in the recent past has been devoted
to the criminal jury in England to 1800, there has been little work
on the nineteenth century, and on the civil jury . This important
study fills these obvious gaps in the literature. It also provides
a re-assessment of standard issues such as jury lenity or equity,
while raising questions about orthodoxies concerning the
relationship of the jury to the development of laws of evidence.
Moreover, re-assessment of the jury in nineteenth-century England
rejects the thesis that juries were squeezed out by judges in
favour of market principles. The book contributes a rounded picture
of the jury as an institution, considering it in comparison to
other modes of fact-finding, its development in both civil and
criminal cases, and the significance, both practical and
ideological, of its transplantation to North America and Scotland,
while opening up new areas of investigation and research.
Contributors: John W Cairns Richard D Friedman Joshua Getzler Roger
D Groot Philip Handler Daffydd Jenkins Michael Lobban Grant McLeod
Maureen Mulholland James C Oldham J R Pole David J Seipp
Dr. Hueck explains in the "History and Development of the NATO
Advanced Research Workshop" some ideas on the genesis of the
Workshop. The reader should understand that this volume is a
preliminary analysis of a problem that has not received much
attention. The case histories, for example, are illustrative
because one volume cannot include all histories, or even those in
Europe. Consequently, case histories are lacking on many parts of
the world, including central Europe and North America, not because
these are unimportant or less disastrous ecologically than the case
histories covered, but because selecting only a few illustrative
cases was possible. The geographic and ecological coverage was
originally much broader, but, unfortunately, some participants were
unable to attend and this resulted in an even more skewed
distribution geographically. However, participants generally agreed
that the information necessary to analyze the problem was covered
in sufficient depth by those in attendance and that other case
histories would have been interesting, but would probably not have
caused substantive changes in the conclusions or recommendations.
The Workshop organizers did not selectively choose people,
companies, or countries to the exclusion of others. The committee
selected a broad array of people, countries, and industries, and
the participants were those able to corne, prepare a manuscript,
and meet the other conditions. Thus, what appears to be a skewed
distribution was not planned as such, but was the consequence of
people being unable to attend for various reasons.
There are so many ways in which health might be improved today and,
as technology improves, the opportunities will increase. However,
there are limits to budgets as well as other resources so choices
have to be made about what to spend money and time on. Economic
evaluation can help set out the value of the costs and benefits
from competing choices. This book examines how to undertake
economic evaluation of health care interventions in low, middle and
high income countries. It covers: Ways in which economic
evaluations might be structured Approaches to measuring and valuing
costs and effects Interpreting and presenting evidence Appraising
the quality and usefulness of economic evaluations Series Editors:
Rosalind Plowman and Nicki Thorogood.
Cancer has become the scourge of the twentieth century. It was
always part of the human condition, but until recently it was not a
common cause of death because most people died from the infectious
diseases. Now that so many of us will live long enough to develop
cancer, we need to learn as much about it as we can. This requires
some understanding of molecular biology. John Cairns has made
significant contributions to cancer research, molecular biology,
and virology. He believes that it is possible to explain what is
known about cancer and about molecular biology in terms that are
easily understood by people with little or no scientific training.
In this fascinating book, he explores the revolution in public
health, the origins and principles of molecular biology, and our
emerging understanding of the causes of cancer. Finally, he
discusses how these developments are likely to affect future
generations.
As Cairns points out, the last two hundred years have altered
our life expectations beyond all recognition. Even in the less
developed nations of the world, people are starting to believe that
everyone ought to be able to live into old age and be protected
from the major causes of premature death. This change in our
expectations is one of the major benefits of technology and the
biological sciences. But the resulting explosion in the human
population ultimately threatens everything we have gained by
scientific progress.
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