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Crime and Criminal Justice provides students with a
comprehensive and engaging introduction to the study of criminology
by taking an interdisciplinary approach to explaining criminal
behaviour and criminal justice.
The book is divided into two parts, which address the two
essential bases that form the discipline of criminology. Part One
describes, discusses and evaluates a range of theoretical
approaches that have offered explanations for crime, drawing upon
contributions from the disciplines of sociology, psychology, and
biology. It then goes on to apply these theories to specific forms
of criminality. Part Two offers an accessible but detailed review
of the major philosophical aims and sociological theories of
punishment, and examines the main areas of the contemporary
criminal justice system ? including the police, the courts and
judiciary, prisons, and more recent approaches to punishment.
Presenting a clear and thorough review of theoretical thinking
on crime, and of the context and current workings of the criminal
justice system, this book provides students with an excellent
grounding in the study of criminology.
This new text will encourage students to develop a deeper
understanding of the context and the current workings of the
criminal justice system. The first part offers a clear, accessible
and comprehensive review of the major philosophical aims and
sociological theories of punishment, the history of justice and
punishment and the developing perspective of victimology. In Part
Two, the focus is on the main areas of the contemporary criminal
justice system - including the police, the courts and judiciary,
prisons and community penalties. The active engagement of students
with the material covered distinguishes this text from others in
the area and makes it a real teaching resource for lecturers and
tutors. There are regular reflective question breaks which enable
students to consider and respond to questions relating to what they
have just read.
A comprehensive account of how government deficits and debt drive
inflation Where do inflation and deflation ultimately come from?
The fiscal theory of the price level offers a simple answer: Prices
adjust so that the real value of government debt equals the present
value of taxes less spending. Inflation breaks out when people
don’t expect the government to fully repay its debts. The fiscal
theory is well suited to today’s economy: Financial innovation
undermines money demand, and central banks don’t control the
money supply or aggressively change interest rates, invalidating
classic theories, while large debts and deficits threaten inflation
and constrain monetary policy. This book presents a comprehensive
account of this important theory from one of its leading developers
and advocates. John Cochrane aims to make fiscal theory useful as a
conceptual framework and modeling tool, and for analyzing history
and policy. He merges fiscal theory with standard models in which
central banks set interest rates, giving a novel account of
monetary policy. He generalizes the theory to explain data and make
realistic predictions. For example, inflation decreases in
recessions despite deficits because discount rates fall, raising
the value of debt; specifying that governments promise to partially
repay debt avoids classic puzzles and allows the theory to apply at
all times, not just during periods of high inflation. Cochrane
offers an extensive rethinking of monetary doctrines and
institutions through the eyes of fiscal theory, and analyzes the
era of zero interest rates and post-pandemic inflation. Filled with
research by Cochrane and others, The Fiscal Theory of the Price
Level offers important new insights about fiscal and monetary
policy.
As religiously grounded moral arguments have become ever more
influential factors in the national debate-particularly reinforced
by recent presidential elections and the creation of the
faith-based initiative office in the White House-journalists'
ignorance about theological convictions has often worked to distort
the public discourse on important policy issues. Pope John Paul
II's pronouncements on stem-cell research, the constitutional
controversies regarding faith-based initiatives, the emerging
participation of Muslims in American life-issues like these require
political journalists in print and broadcast media to cover
religious contexts that many admit they are ill-equipped to
understand. Put differently, these news events reflect subtle
theological nuances and deep faith commitments that shape the
activities of religious believers in the public square. Inasmuch as
a faith tradition is an active or significant participant in the
public arena, journalists will need to better understand the
theological sources and religious convictions that motivate this
political activity. The current national discourse has brought
faith and its relationship to public policy to the forefront of our
daily news. Since 1999, the Ethics and Public Policy Center,
through the generosity of the Pew Charitable Trusts, has hosted six
conferences for national journalists to help raise the level of
their reporting by increasing their understanding of religion,
religious communities, and the religious convictions that inform
the political activity of devout believers. This book contains the
presentations and conversations that grew out of those conferences.
A presidential transition has a major impact on the life of an
institution. Hundreds of presidential transitions take place
annually, and when they are not amicable and carefully
orchestrated, they can scar both the institution and the president.
Sanaghan, Goldstein, and Gaval estimate that more than one-third of
the presidential transitions in higher education are involuntary
and have a negative effect on the institution. This book is
designed to provide assistance to presidents, trustees, faculty,
and other important stakeholder groups and help them avoid the
pitfalls of poorly managed transitions. The authors discuss how,
with proper planning, care, and execution, this presidential
passage can be an opportunity for a transitioning president, and
those who surround him or her, to write a positive chapter in the
campus history. Readers will discover that appropriately addressing
the anxiety that accompanies major transitions_for both those
joining the institution and those already present_is essential.
Dozens of presidents, chancellors, board members, and other senior
executives were interviewed for this book. Each major chapter
includes selected personal observations, from these interviews,
which illustrate the critical issues addressed in the book.
"An excellent survey of asset pricing theory and applications from
the modern viewpoint of stochastic discount factors and their
associated geometry. This book was already a classic among finance
scholars and on Ph.D. syllabi when it circulated in the form of
class notes. It will also prove highly useful to practitioners who
seek an in-depth introduction to these tools."--Yacine Ait-Sahalia,
Princeton University
"This is a beautiful book that uses the elegant simplicity of
the stochastic discount factor to present a general theory of the
pricing of stocks, bonds, and derivatives and a practical approach
to estimating particular models derived from the general theory. It
will help experts in the field to consolidate their knowledge and
beginners to appreciate the unity of asset pricing theory. Cochrane
uses his mastery of the subject to present it in a clear and
compelling manner that is easily accessible."--Michael Brennan,
Anderson School, University of California, Los Angeles
"This is an impressive treatise of very high quality. It is a
serious scholarly monograph, of interest to those who are working
to advance financial theory, and it can also serve as a textbook in
an advanced finance course. It is thoughtful, inductive, and
comprehensive."--Robert J. Shiller, author of "Irrational
Exuberance"
"This is a sparkling, intuitive, makes-it-look-easier-than-it
really-is, gem of a book . . . Cochrane's focus is the classical
asset pricing models of frictionless markets and rational
expectations. But the lessons learned are relevant in many
empirical contexts. Cochrane's clever intuition and easy, informal
writing style make the book a joy to read."--Wayne Ferson,
BostonCollege
"This book represents an exciting step forward in the exposition
of financial economics. The last twenty years of finance research
have advanced and enriched the field, and textbook treatments have
lagged behind these developments. This text will replace the
previous generation of books and should have a broad market. It is
written in an informal, almost breezy style that will appeal to
students and is divided into small, easily digested chapters. . . .
The book moves easily between discrete-time and continuous-time
models. This is an excellent thing as it encourages students to see
beyond the formalism to the underlying economics. I strongly
recommend it as an advanced finance text."--John Y. Campbell,
coauthor of "The Econometrics of Financial Markets"
This new text encourages students to develop a deeper understanding
of the context and the current workings of the criminal justice
system. The first part offers a clear and comprehensive review of
the major philosophical aims and sociological theories of
punishment, the history of justice and punishment and the
developing perspective of victimology. In the second part, the
focus is on the main areas of the contemporary criminal justice
system, including the police, the courts and judiciary, prisons and
community penalties. There are regular reflective question breaks
which enable students to consider and respond to questions relating
to what they have just read and the book contains useful pedagogic
features such as boxed examples, leading questions and annotated
further reading. This practical book is particularly geared to
undergraduate students following programmes in criminal justice and
criminology. It will also prove a useful resource for practitioners
who are following vocationally based courses in the criminal
justice area - in social work, youth justice and police training
courses.
A central bank needs authority and a sphere of independent action.
But a central bank cannot become an unelected Czar with sweeping,
unaccountable discretionary power. How can we balance the central
bank's authority and independence with needed accountability and
constraints? Drawn from a 2015 Hoover Institution conference, this
book features distinguished scholars and policy makers' discussing
this and other key questions about the Fed. Going beyond the widely
talked about decision of whether to raise interest rates, they
focus on a deeper set of questions, including, among others, How
should the Fed make decisions? How should the Fed govern its
internal decision-making processes? What is the trade-off between
greater Fed power and less Fed independence? And how should
Congress, from which the Fed ultimately receives its authority,
oversee the Fed? The contributors discuss whether central banks can
both follow rule-based policy in normal times but then implement a
discretionary do-what-it-takes approach to stopping financial
crises. They evaluate legislation, recently proposed in the US
House and Senate, that would require the Fed to describe its
monetary policy rule and, if and when it changed or deviated from
its rule, explain the reasons. And they discuss to best ways to
structure a committee-like the Federal Open Market Committee, which
sets interest rates-to make good decisions, as well as offer
historical reflections on the governance of the Fed and much more.
Crime and Criminal Justice provides students with a
comprehensive and engaging introduction to the study of criminology
by taking an interdisciplinary approach to explaining criminal
behaviour and criminal justice.
The book is divided into two parts, which address the two
essential bases that form the discipline of criminology. Part One
describes, discusses and evaluates a range of theoretical
approaches that have offered explanations for crime, drawing upon
contributions from the disciplines of sociology, psychology, and
biology. It then goes on to apply these theories to specific forms
of criminality. Part Two offers an accessible but detailed review
of the major philosophical aims and sociological theories of
punishment, and examines the main areas of the contemporary
criminal justice system including the police, the courts and
judiciary, prisons, and more recent approaches to punishment.
Presenting a clear and thorough review of theoretical thinking
on crime, and of the context and current workings of the criminal
justice system, this book provides students with an excellent
grounding in the study of criminology.
Once the flying machine was a practical proposition, its military
use became evident and governments needed to develop a way of
marking their property. Flying a flag was an obvious but
ineffective and dangerous solution so painting the representation
of the flag was the natural alternative.
The first known markings to identify nationality were used in
the 1910 Bombing Competition in Vienna where each competing machine
carried its national colors. Formalized in 1912, precise shapes and
colors of military markings were initially introduced by France
closely followed by Romania.
Organized by country in 2 volumes, "Military Aircraft Insignia
of the World" brings together global markings from such countries
as Abkhazia, Afghanistan, Chad and Iran through to Kenya and
Kuwait. Over 500 insignia combine with contemporary photographs and
a brief history of the military air activity of that country to
provide a wealth of information for the aviation historian and
modeller alike.
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