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This study examines the ways in which technological changes
initiated during the Victorian period have led to the diminution of
speech as a mode of critique. Much in the same ways that speech had
been used to affirm intersubjectivity, print culture conditioned
readers to accept uni-directional exchange of values and interests.
It enabled the creation of a community of readers who would be
responsive to the expansion of a industry and the emergence of a
technical language and culture, a culture that precedes and
predicts post-modern society. The purpose of this study is to
employ Charlotte Bronte's Shirley (1849), Charles Dickens's Hard
Times (1854), and George Eliot's Felix Holt (1866) to evidence how
the growth of capitalist production and the development of new
technologies of industry within the early- to mid-Victorian periods
inspired the prioritization of the printed word over oratory and
speech as a means for fulfilling the linguistic power exchanges
found common in spoken discourse. Inventions such as Friedrich
Gottlob Koenig and Andreas Friedrich Bauer's high-speed printing
press enabled mass production and low-cost readership among the
working class, who experienced literacy on multiple levels: to
educate themselves, to experience leisure and diversion, to confirm
their religious beliefs, and to improve their labor skills. Much in
the same ways that speech had been used to affirm
intersubjectivity, print culture conditioned readers to accept
uni-directional exchange of values and interests that would create
a community of readers who would be responsive to the expansion of
a new technical society and would eventually perform the routines
of mechanized labor. This book employs Victorian novelists such as
Charlotte Bronte, Charles Dickens, and George Eliot to address
representations of speech in fictional discourse. Critics like
Nancy Armstrong and Garrett Stewart have considered these
representations without addressing the ways in which print culture
engendered and valued new forms of speech, forms which might
re-engage critique of the human condition. More recent publications
like The Crowd: British Literature and Public Politics, by John
Plotz, do not respond to the ways in which individuals use the
collective voice of crowd formations to redefine and resituate
their subjective identities. This book serves to fill this gap in
Victorian studies. Victorian novels are not, of course, pure
representations of Victorian reality. However, many working-class
Victorians engaged texts as authentic representations of society.
How working-class readers then reconstructed their personal
narratives in actuality suggests the affects of social assimilation
upon subjective identity and advances the claim that Victorian
novels did not provide solutions to the social and economic
maladies they reported. Rather, they contextualized social and
cultural problems without recognizing the dangers of how the
decontextualized imagination of the reader locates placement within
the same ontological and epistemological assumptions. Technologies
of Power in the Victorian Period is an informative study that will
appeal to members of academic groups such as the British Women's
Writer's Association and the North American Victorian Association.
Although the book bears relevance to scholars and students of
Victorian studies, it will also serve as a point of reference for
curious readers engaged in studies of the effects of industrial
technologies on language acquisition and dissemination during the
nineteenth century.
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