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This book covers the wide spectrum of subjects relating to
obtaining and using building stones, starting with their geological
origin and then describing the nature of granites, volcanics,
limestones, sandstones, flint, metamorphic stones, breccias and
conglomerates, with emphasis being placed on how to recognise the
different stones via the many illustrated examples from Great
Britain and other countries. The life of a building stone is
explained from its origin in the quarry, through its exposure to
the elements when used for a building, to its eventual
deterioration. The structure of stone buildings is then discussed,
with explanations of the mechanics of pillars, lighthouses and
walls, arches, bridges, buttresses and roof vaults, plus castles
and cathedrals. The sequence of the historical architectural styles
of stone buildings is explained-from the early days through to
postmodern buildings. Special attention is paid to two famous
architects: the Roman Vitruvius and the English Sir Christopher
Wren who designed and supervised the construction of St. Paul's
Cathedral in London. To demonstrate many of the concepts presented,
two exemplary stone buildings are described in detail: the Albert
Memorial in London and Durham Cathedral in northern England. The
former building is interesting because it is comprised of a
cornucopia of different building stones and the latter building
because of its architecture and sandstone decay mechanisms. In the
final Chapter, ruined stone buildings are discussed-the many
reasons for their decay and the possibility of their 'rebirth' via
digital recording of their geometry. The book has over 350 pages
and is illustrated with more than 450 diagrams and colour
photographs of both the various stones and the associated stone
buildings. Readers' knowledge of the subject will be greatly
enhanced by these images and the related explanatory text. A
wide-ranging references and bibliography section is also included.
Between 1989 and 1999 half the teachers in England and Wales quit their posts. By the late nineties more than six thousand teachers a year were retiring early on grounds of ill health. In recent years hardly a school in the country has not lost at least one teacher because of a 'nervous breakdown'. Breakdown looks at what is happening in teaching today. Why breakdowns have become so common, what it means to suffer a breakdown, and the consequences of this epidemic for schools and children. It suggests what teachers can do to help themselves, what schools should do to help their staff and the ways in which the local authorities can offer practical support. eBook available with sample pages: 0203133730
Optical methods are now used routinely for the measurement of
velocity, concentration, temperature, and other parameters in
wide-ranging areas of industrial research and design such as IC
engines, turbines, and combustors. Recent advances such as the use
of high-resolution CCD cameras and the extension of flow mapping to
three dimensions, make optical tools such as particle image
velocimetry increasingly viable for use in the industrial
environment. This excellent book presents new developments in
optical diagnostic techniques in heat and fluid flow and offers an
unparalleled opportunity for industrialists and academic
researchers to exchange ideas. CONTENTS INCLUDE: Comparison of
injector sprays for gasoline direct-injection engines - The design,
development, and preliminary results from a high-speed, optically
accessed, single cylinder engine - The reflected spectrum of
complex multi-layered inhomogeneous highly scattering medium -
Development of full volume digital holography for particle
measurement - Improved liquid crystal thermography by using
true-colour image processing technology - Development of an optical
measuring technique for the study of acoustical phenomena -
Spatio-temporal reconstruction of the unsteady wake of axisymmetric
bluff bodies via time-recording DPIV - Application of particle
image velocimetry to helicopter vortex interactions - Pulsed laser
particle image velocimetry using a fibre-optic delivery system -
Automated fringe analysis for profilometric mass-transfer
experiments.
Between 1989 and 1999 half the teachers in England and Wales quit
their posts. By the late nineties more than six thousand teachers a
year were retiring early on grounds of ill health. In recent years
hardly a school in the country has not lost at least one teacher
because of a 'nervous breakdown'. Breakdown looks at what is
happening in teaching today. Why breakdowns have become so common,
what it means to suffer a breakdown, and the consequences of this
epidemic for schools and children. It suggests what teachers can do
to help themselves, what schools should do to help their staff and
the ways in which the local authorities can offer practical
support.
This book covers the wide spectrum of subjects relating to
obtaining and using building stones, starting with their geological
origin and then describing the nature of granites, volcanics,
limestones, sandstones, flint, metamorphic stones, breccias and
conglomerates, with emphasis being placed on how to recognise the
different stones via the many illustrated examples from Great
Britain and other countries. The life of a building stone is
explained from its origin in the quarry, through its exposure to
the elements when used for a building, to its eventual
deterioration. The structure of stone buildings is then discussed,
with explanations of the mechanics of pillars, lighthouses and
walls, arches, bridges, buttresses and roof vaults, plus castles
and cathedrals. The sequence of the historical architectural styles
of stone buildings is explained-from the early days through to
postmodern buildings. Special attention is paid to two famous
architects: the Roman Vitruvius and the English Sir Christopher
Wren who designed and supervised the construction of St. Paul's
Cathedral in London. To demonstrate many of the concepts presented,
two exemplary stone buildings are described in detail: the Albert
Memorial in London and Durham Cathedral in northern England. The
former building is interesting because it is comprised of a
cornucopia of different building stones and the latter building
because of its architecture and sandstone decay mechanisms. In the
final Chapter, ruined stone buildings are discussed-the many
reasons for their decay and the possibility of their 'rebirth' via
digital recording of their geometry. The book has over 350 pages
and is illustrated with more than 450 diagrams and colour
photographs of both the various stones and the associated stone
buildings. Readers' knowledge of the subject will be greatly
enhanced by these images and the related explanatory text. A
wide-ranging references and bibliography section is also included.
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