Socialism first gained a major foothold in Japan after the revolution and the subsequent Meiji restoration of 1868. Against the background of the rapid development of capitalism in Japan after the revolution, and the accompanying emergence of the working class, this study shows how early Japanese socialists drew on both Western influences and elements from traditional Japanese culture. In the early 1980s most of the world interested in Japan was fascinated by its educational system, industrial policy or low crime rates - things which explained the economic miracle and made it 'Number One'. John Crump, however, was searching for the origins of socialist thought there. Historians of the socialist movement before and since the 1980s have described the thought of those who figure in the dramas Crump describes. What sets his study apart is the degree to which the theoretical debates discussed matter to him. Other authors often lack sympathy with, or seem frustrated by, the importance given to apparently trivial differences that consumed endless debate. However, at the time he wrote this book, the author was still an activist, even though his activity manifested itself mainly in his scholarship. His aim was to do more than give an account of the formation of socialist thought in Japan. He wanted his readers to think more deeply about the development of capitalism in Japan. This book made an original contribution to the study of Japan in the 1980s. Its unique perspective shines a bright light on debates still relevant today.

This is a pioneering study of Japanese 'pure anarchism' between the wars focused on its principal theoretician, Hatta Shuzo.

This book provides a history of Nikkeiren (the Japanese Federation of Managers' Organisations) and an account of post-war capitalist development in Japan. The author challenges the principal interpretations of how the economy functions revealing a darker side of Japanese capitalism in his examination of the roles played by class power, manipulation and mystification.

Socialism first gained a major foothold in Japan after the revolution and the subsequent Meiji restoration of 1868. Against the background of the rapid development of capitalism in Japan after the revolution, and the accompanying emergence of the working class, this study shows how early Japanese socialists drew on both Western influences and elements from traditional Japanese culture. In the early 1980s most of the world interested in Japan was fascinated by its educational system, industrial policy or low crime rates - things which explained the economic miracle and made it 'Number One'. John Crump, however, was searching for the origins of socialist thought there. Historians of the socialist movement before and since the 1980s have described the thought of those who figure in the dramas Crump describes. What sets his study apart is the degree to which the theoretical debates discussed matter to him. Other authors often lack sympathy with, or seem frustrated by, the importance given to apparently trivial differences that consumed endless debate. However, at the time he wrote this book, the author was still an activist, even though his activity manifested itself mainly in his scholarship. His aim was to do more than give an account of the formation of socialist thought in Japan. He wanted his readers to think more deeply about the development of capitalism in Japan. This book made an original contribution to the study of Japan in the 1980s. Its unique perspective shines a bright light on debates still relevant today.

From its formation in 1948 to its merger with Keidanren in 2002, this work provides a comprehensive history of Nikkeiren. Using the different periods of postwar Japanese capitalism as a context, the author carefully traces the history of Nikkeiren. Up until 1960 the association led Japanese employers in the campaign to win back "the right to manage", which had been lost in the chaotic aftermath of Japan's defeat in World War II. Nikkeiren achieved this by forging solidarity between employers in order to win a succession of bitterly fought labour disputes where the objective was not merely to defeat but to annihilate militant unions. Subsequently, Nikkeiren switched its emphasis to manipulation of the workforce and to a mutually advantageous trade-off with the leaders of increasingly enterprise-orientated unions. The group also put a great amount of effort into generating a mystifying ideology. Largely based on Japanese sources, this is the first comprehensive study of Nikkeiren to appear in English. In addition to providing a detailed empirical account of Nikkeiren's organization and activity, this book throws light on the nature and function of class power, the inherent tendency o

Everyone knows that in socialism private companies are replaced by state enterprises which employ wage-workers in order to produce profits which accrue to the state. 'Not so!' say the authors of this book. In the nineteenth century, socialists as different as Marx and Kropotkin were agreed that socialism means a marketless, moneyless, wageless, classless, stateless world society. Subsequently this vision of non-market socialism has been developed by currents such as the Anarcho-Communists, Impossibilists, Council Communists, Bordigists and Situationists. By tracing this development, this book challenges the assumptions of both supporters and opponents of what is conventionally regarded as socialism.

Here is the first comprehensive exposition of the theory of state capitalism. Using a Marxist theoretical approach, Buick and Crump show that private capitalism and state capitalism are equally suitable institutional arrangements for allowing capital to exploit wage-workers. State capitalism is examined in its Western form of selective nationalisation and in its full-scale form, as found in Russia or China. The origins of Russian state capitalism are traced back to the 1917 revolution and Lenin's ideology. Finally, Buick and Crump suggest the kind of changed social relationships which would allow world capitalism to be replaced by world socialism.

This is a pioneering study of Japanese 'pure anarchism' between the wars focused on its principal theoretician, Hatta Shuzo.