On November 5, 2011 the John D. Calandra Italian American Institute hosted a conference entitled "New Directions in Italian and Italian American History: A Conference in Honor of Philip Cannistraro." Cannistraro's work managed to revolutionize both the fields of Italian history and Italian American history, and set in motion a future generation of scholars who would take up many of the questions he began raising so many years ago and, in turn, would demand answers using the same rigorous methodology that characterized his own work . . . This was Cannistraro's legacy: to force new questions and lines of research in his two fields." - from the Introduction