Recent years have seen a wealth of new scholarship on the history of photography, cinema, digital media, and video games, yet less attention has been devoted to earlier forms of visual culture. The nineteenth century witnessed a dramatic proliferation of new technologies, devices, and print processes, which provided growing audiences with access to more visual material than ever before. This volume brings together the best aspects of interdisciplinary scholarship to enhance our understanding of the production, dissemination, and consumption of visual media prior to the predominance of photographic reproduction. By setting these examples against the backdrop of demographic, educational, political, commercial, scientific, and industrial shifts in Central Europe, these essays reveal the diverse ways that innovation in visual culture affected literature, philosophy, journalism, the history of perception, exhibition culture, and the representation of nature and human life in both print and material culture in local, national, transnational, and global contexts.

Retail real estate properties and their marketplaces are in a constant state of change. The emergence of such new and growing value formats as warehouse clubs, factory outlet malls, and other powerful discount formats provide traditional shopping centers and malls with increasingly competitive challenges. These value and discount retail formats generate higher sales per square foot and have lower construction costs than many traditional retail properties. Combined with the slow growth in retail sales and the increasing alternatives to in-store retailing, a question mark hangs over the future of retail marketplaces and the retail formats that will be the leaders of the future. Megatrends in Retail Real Estate allows the reader to analyze and forecast changes in the retail marketplace. The book presents a simple model to analyze and predict mall and shopping center investment returns. It then examines the financing of retail properties and securitization of their mortgages, as well as the operations of retail properties. Finally, the book analyzes new retail marketplaces and the international retail arena.

Recent years have seen a wealth of new scholarship on the history of photography, cinema, digital media, and video games, yet less attention has been devoted to earlier forms of visual culture. The nineteenth century witnessed a dramatic proliferation of new technologies, devices, and print processes, which provided growing audiences with access to more visual material than ever before. This volume brings together the best aspects of interdisciplinary scholarship to enhance our understanding of the production, dissemination, and consumption of visual media prior to the predominance of photographic reproduction. By setting these examples against the backdrop of demographic, educational, political, commercial, scientific, and industrial shifts in Central Europe, these essays reveal the diverse ways that innovation in visual culture affected literature, philosophy, journalism, the history of perception, exhibition culture, and the representation of nature and human life in both print and material culture in local, national, transnational, and global contexts.

Retail real estate properties and their marketplaces are in a constant state of change. The emergence of such new and growing value formats as warehouse clubs, factory outlet malls, and other powerful discount formats provide traditional shopping centers and malls with increasingly competitive challenges. These value and discount retail formats generate higher sales per square foot and have lower construction costs than many traditional retail properties. Combined with the slow growth in retail sales and the increasing alternatives to in-store retailing, a question mark hangs over the future of retail marketplaces and the retail formats that will be the leaders of the future. Megatrends in Retail Real Estate allows the reader to analyze and forecast changes in the retail marketplace. The book presents a simple model to analyze and predict mall and shopping center investment returns. It then examines the financing of retail properties and securitization of their mortgages, as well as the operations of retail properties. Finally, the book analyzes new retail marketplaces and the international retail arena.