The Internet as we know it today is the result of a continuous activity for improving network communications, end user services, computational processes and also information technology infrastructures. The Internet has become a critical infrastructure for the human-being by offering complex networking services and end-user applications that all together have transformed all aspects, mainly economical, of our lives. Recently, with the advent of new paradigms and the progress in wireless technology, sensor networks and information systems and also the inexorable shift towards everything connected paradigm, first as known as the Internet of Things and lately envisioning into the Internet of Everything, a data-driven society has been created. In a data-driven society, productivity, knowledge, and experience are dependent on increasingly open, dynamic, interdependent and complex Internet services. The challenge for the Internet of the Future design is to build robust enabling technologies, implement and deploy adaptive systems, to create business opportunities considering increasing uncertainties and emergent systemic behaviors where humans and machines seamlessly cooperate.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the four workshops that were organized in conjunction with the International Conference on Business Information Systems, BIS 2012, which took place in Vilnius, Lithuania, May 21-23, 2012. In addition, the papers from the Future Internet Symposium, which was organized in conjunction with BIS 2012, are also included. BIS workshops give researchers the opportunity to share their preliminary ideas and first experimental results, and discuss research hypotheses with a highly focused audience. The 24 papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 63 submissions and were revised and extended after the event. The workshop topics covered applications and economics of knowledge-based technologies (AKTB), business and IT alignment (BITA), enterprise systems for higher education (ESHE), and formal semantics for future enterprises (FSFE). In addition, one invited paper from BITA is also included in this volume.

Irrespective of whether we use economic or societal metrics, the Internet is one of the most important technical infrastructures in existence today. It will serve as a catalyst for much of our innovation and prosperity in the future. A competitive Europe will require Internet connectivity and services beyond the capabilities offered by current technologies. Future Internet research is therefore a must. The Future Internet Assembly (FIA) is a successful and unique bi-annual conference that brings together participants of over 150 projects from several distinct but interrelated areas in the EU Framework Programme 7. The 20 full papers included in this volume were selected from 40 submissions, and are preceded by a vision paper describing the FIA Roadmap. The papers have been organized into topical sections on the foundations of Future Internet, the applications of Future Internet, Smart Cities, and Future Internet infrastructures.

Irrespective of whether we use economic or societal metrics, the Internet is one of the most important technical infrastructures in existence today. It will be a catalyst for much of our innovation and prosperity in the future. A competitive Europe will require Internet connectivity and services beyond the capabilities offered by current technologies. Future Internet research is therefore a must.
This book is published in full compliance with the Open Access publishing initiative; it is based on the research carried out within the Future Internet Assembly (FIA). It contains a sample of representative results from the recent FIA meetings spanning a broad range of topics, all being of crucial importance for the future Internet.

The book includes 32 contributions and has been structured into the following sections, each of which is preceded by a short introduction:

Foundations: architectural issues; socio-economic issues; security and trust; and experiments and experimental design. Future Internet Areas: networks, services, and content; and applications. "

Service-oriented computing is an emerging factor in IT research and development. Organizations like W3C and the EU have begun research projects to develop industrial-strength applications. This book offers a thorough, practical introduction to one of the most promising approaches - the Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO). After a brief review of technologies and standards of the Worldwide Web, the Semantic Web, and Web Services, the book examines WSMO from the fundamentals to applications in e-commerce, e-government and e-banking; it also describes its relation to OWL-S and WSDL-S and other applications. The book offers an up-to-date introduction, plus pointers to future applications.

The First Future Internet Symposium was held during September 28-30, 2008 in Vienna, Austria. FIS 2008 provided a forum for leading researchersand pr- titioners to meet and discuss the wide-ranging scienti?c and technical issues related to the design of a new Internet. The sentiment shared in Vienna was that we are at the beginning of something very exciting and challenging and that FIS 2008 has played a role in forming a community to address this. With overa billionusers,today's Internet is arguablythe most successful- man artifact ever created. The Internet's physical infrastructure, software, and content now play an integralpart in the lives of everyoneon the planet, whether they interact with it directly or not. Now nearing its ?fth decade, the Int- net has shown remarkable resilience and ?exibility in the face of ever-increasing numbers of users, data volume, and changing usage patterns, but faces gr- ing challenges in meetings the needs of our knowledge society. Globally, many major initiatives are underway to address the need for more scienti?c research, physical infrastructure investment, better education, and better utilization of the Internet. Japan, the USA and Europe are investing heavily in this area. The EU is shaping around the idea of the Future Internet its research programmes for the Seventh Framework. EU commissioners, national government ministers, industry leadersand researchersmet in Bled, Slovenia during March 31-April2, 2008, to begin developing a vision of a future Internet that will meet Europe's needs a decade from now, and beyond. Abroadprogrammeofscienti?cresearchisessentialtosupportingtheaimsof the Future Internetinitiative.

This volume contains the main proceedings of the 3rd Annual Asian Semantic WebConference(ASWC2008)heldinBangkok, Thailand, duringDecember8-11, 2008. Assuch, ASWC2008showcasedthelatestresultsintheresearchandapp- cationofSemantic Web technologies-applyingsemantics ata planetaryscale. OverthelastfewyearswehavebeenwitnessingatrendinwhichtheSemantic Web has been transforming from a niche research area to the mainstream in academia and industry. The European Semantic Web Conference, held earlier this year in Tenerife, saw a growth in the participation and engagement from semantic start-up companies. This conference, showcasing an Asian perspective andnowhaving establisheditself, is alsoa signthatthe Semantic Web is moving to the mainstream. In addition to the emergence in the mainstream, the Semantic Web cont- ues to generate a signi?cant volume of scienti?cally interesting research articles. Research submissions to ASWC 2008 were scrutinized and ?ltered via a thr- phasereviewing process. First, eachsubmissionwasevaluatedby threemembers from the Program Committee. Second, papers and the associated reviews were meta-reviewed by members of the Senior Program Committee. In this second phase the meta-reviewers led discussions between reviewers and produced an acceptance recommendation. In the last phase, on the basis of the reviews and associated meta-review recommendations, the ?nal selections were made jointly by the Programme Chairs. Although this process required substantial e?orts from the members of the Program Committee, it ensured that only papers of the highest quality were accepted. The ?nal acceptance of 37 papers for pub- cation and presentation at the conference out of the 118 submissions resulted in an acceptance rate of 31%. Of the papers we accepted these are split between Asia (18) and Europe (17), with an additional 2 from the U

Service-oriented computing has become one of the predominant factors in current IT research and development. Web services seem to be the middleware solution of the future for highly interoperable distributed software solutions. In parallel, research on the Semantic Web provides the results required to exploit distributed machine-processable data. To combine these two research lines into industrial-strength applications, a number of research projects have been set up by organizations like W3C and the EU.

Dieter Fensel and his coauthors deliver a profound introduction into one of the most promising approaches the Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO). After a brief presentation of the underlying basic technologies and standards of the World Wide Web, the Semantic Web, and Web Services, they detail all the elements of WSMO from basic concepts to possible applications in e-commerce, e-government and e-banking, and they also describe its relation to other approaches like OWL-S or WSDL-S.

While many of the related technologies and standards are still under development, this book already offers both a broad conceptual introduction and lots of pointers to future application scenarios for researchers in academia and industry as well as for developers of distributed Web applications.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, and Applications, AIMSA 2006. The 28 revised full papers presented together with the abstracts of 2 invited lectures were carefully reviewed and selected from 81 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on agents, constraints and optimization, user concerns, decision support, models and ontologies, machine learning, ontology manipulation, natural language processing, and applications.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 3rd European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2006. The book presents 48 revised full papers with abstracts of 3 invited talks. The papers are organized in topical sections on ontology alignment, engineering, evaluation, evolution and learning, rules and reasoning, searching and querying, semantic annotation, semantic web mining and personalisation, semantic web services, semantic wiki and blogging, as well as trust and policies.

After years of mostly theoretical research, Semantic Web Technologies are now reaching out into application areas like bioinformatics, eCommerce, eGovernment, or Social Webs. Applications like genomic ontologies, semantic web services, automated catalogue alignment, ontology matching, or blogs and social networks are constantly increasing, often driven or at least backed up by companies like Google, Amazon, YouTube, Facebook, LinkedIn and others. The need to leverage the potential of combining information in a meaningful way in order to be able to benefit from the Web will create further demand for and interest in Semantic Web research.

This movement, based on the growing maturity of related research results, necessitates a reliable reference source from which beginners to the field can draw a first basic knowledge of the main underlying technologies as well as state-of-the-art application areas. This handbook, put together by three leading authorities in the field, and supported by an advisory board of highly reputed researchers, fulfils exactly this need. It is the first dedicated reference work in this field, collecting contributions about both the technical foundations of the Semantic Web as well as their main usage in other scientific fields like life sciences, engineering, business, or education.