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Is the study of language ideologically neutral? If so, is this
study objective and autonomous? One of the most cherished
assumptions of modern academic linguistics is that the study of
language is, or should be, ideologically neutral. This professed
ideological neutrality goes hand-in-hand with claims of scientific
objectivity and explanatory autonomy. Ideologies of Language
counters these claims and assumptions by demonstrating not only
their descriptive inaccuracy but also their conceptual incoherence.
Is the study of language ideologically neutral? If so, is this
study objective and autonomous? One of the most cherished
assumptions of modern academic linguistics is that the study of
language is, or should be, ideologically neutral. This professed
ideological neutrality goes hand-in-hand with claims of scientific
objectivity and explanatory autonomy. Ideologies of Language
counters these claims and assumptions by demonstrating not only
their descriptive inaccuracy but also their conceptual incoherence.
Landmarks in Linguistic Thought II introduces the major issues and themes that have determined the development of Western thinking about language, meaning and communication in the twentieth century. Each chapter contains an extract from a 'landmark' text followed by a commentary, which places the ideas in their social and intellectual context. The book is written in an accessible and non-technical manner. The book summarizes the contribution of the key thinkers who have shaped modern linguistics. These include Austin, Chomsky, Derrida, Firth, Goffman, Harris, Jakobson, Labov, Orwell, Sapir, Whorf and Wittgenstein. This second volume follows on from Landmarks in Linguistic Thought I, which introduces the key thinkers up to the twentieth century. The series is ideal for anyone with an interest in the history of linguistics or of ideas.
Benveniste's lectures had a shaping influence on a generation of
scholars that includes Barthes, Deleuze, Foucault, Derrida,
Kristeva and Todorov and here, for the first time, these are made
available in English for a new generation of linguists and
philosophers of language. This book includes the full course of
fifteen lectures which Benveniste gave in the College de France on
the rue des Ecoles in Paris between December 1968 and December
1969. Benveniste's work as offered here presents the first serious
attempt at reconciling the sign theories of Saussure and Peirce and
draws together, language, writing and society into a comprehensive
theory of signifying. Benveniste's philosophy of language considers
key concepts such as utterance, enunciation, speaker, discourse,
subjectivity and as such is central to the areas of discourse
analysis, text linguistics, pragmatics, semantics, conversational
analysis, stylistics and semiotics.
Language, this book argues, is political from top to bottom,
whether considered at the level of an individual speaker's choice
of language or style of discourse with others (where interpersonal
politics are performed), or at the level of political rhetoric, or
indeed all the way up to the formation of national languages. By
bringing together this set of topics and highlighting how they are
interrelated, the book will function well as a textbook on any
applied or sociolinguistic course in which some or all of these
various aspects of the politics of language are covered. The
chapter headings include: *How politics permeates language (and
vice-versa) *Language and nation *The social politics of language
choice and linguistic correctness *Politics embedded in language
*Taboo language and its restriction *Rhetoric, propaganda and
interpretation *Power, hegemony and choices
Language, this book argues, is political from top to bottom,
whether considered at the level of an individual speaker's choice
of language or style of discourse with others (where interpersonal
politics are performed), or at the level of political rhetoric, or
indeed all the way up to the formation of national languages. By
bringing together this set of topics and highlighting how they are
interrelated, the book will function well as a textbook on any
applied or sociolinguistic course in which some or all of these
various aspects of the politics of language are covered. The
chapter headings include: *How politics permeates language (and
vice-versa) *Language and nation *The social politics of language
choice and linguistic correctness *Politics embedded in language
*Taboo language and its restriction *Rhetoric, propaganda and
interpretation *Power, hegemony and choices
Landmarks in Linguistic Thought II introduces the major issues and themes that have determined the development of Western thinking about language, meaning and communication in the twentieth century. Each chapter contains an extract from a 'landmark' text followed by a commentary, which places the ideas in their social and intellectual context. The book is written in an accessible and non-technical manner. The book summarizes the contribution of the key thinkers who have shaped modern linguistics: Austin, Chomsky, Derrida, Firth, Goffman, Harris, Jakobson, Labov, Orwell, Sapir, Whorf and Wittgenstein. This second volume follows on from Landmarks in Linguistic Thought I, which introduces the key thinkers up to the twentieth century. The series is ideal for anyone with an interest in the history of linguistics or of ideas.
Benveniste's lectures had a shaping influence on a generation of
scholars that includes Barthes, Deleuze, Foucault, Derrida,
Kristeva and Todorov and here, for the first time, these are made
available in English for a new generation of linguists and
philosophers of language. This book includes the full course of
fifteen lectures which Benveniste gave in the College de France on
the rue des Ecoles in Paris between December 1968 and December
1969. Benveniste's work as offered here presents the first serious
attempt at reconciling the sign theories of Saussure and Peirce and
draws together, language, writing and society into a comprehensive
theory of signifying. Benveniste's philosophy of language considers
key concepts such as utterance, enunciation, speaker, discourse,
subjectivity and as such is central to the areas of discourse
analysis, text linguistics, pragmatics, semantics, conversational
analysis, stylistics and semiotics.
The establishment of language as a focus of study took place over
many centuries, and reflection on its nature emerged in relation to
very different social and cultural practices. Written by a team of
leading scholars, this volume provides an authoritative,
chronological account of the history of the study of language from
ancient times to the end of the 20th century (i.e., 'recent
history', when modern linguistics greatly expanded). Comprised of
29 chapters, it is split into 3 parts, each with an introduction
covering the larger context of interest in language, especially the
different philosophical, religious, and/or political concerns and
socio-cultural practices of the times. At the end of the volume,
there is a combined list of all references cited and a
comprehensive index of topics, languages, major figures, etc.
Comprehensive in its scope, it is an essential reference for
researchers, teachers and students alike in linguistics and related
disciplines.
Where is language? Answers to this have attempted to 'incorporate'
language in an 'extended mind', through cognition that is
'embodied', 'distributed', 'situated' or 'ecological'. Behind these
concepts is a long history that this book is the first to trace.
Extending across linguistics, philosophy, psychology and medicine,
as well as literary and religious dimensions of the question of
what language is, and where it is located, this book challenges
mainstream, mind-based accounts of language. Looking at research
from the Middle Ages to the present day, and exploring the work of
a range of scholars from Aristotle and Galen to Merleau-Ponty and
Chomsky, it assesses raging debates about whether mind and language
are centred in heart or brain, brain or nervous-muscular system,
and whether they are innate or learned, individual or social. This
book will appeal to scholars and advanced students in historical
linguistics, cognitive linguistics, language evolution and the
philosophy of language.
"In a language there are only differences without positive terms.
Whether we take the signified or the signifier, the language
contains neither ideas nor sounds that pre-exist the linguistic
system, but only conceptual differences and phonic differences
issuing from this system." (From the posthumous Course in General
Linguistics, 1916.)
No one becomes as famous as Saussure without both admirers and
detractors reducing them to a paragraph's worth of ideas that can
be readily quoted, debated, memorized, and examined. One can argue
the ideas expressed above - that language is composed of a system
of acoustic oppositions (the signifier) matched by social
convention to a system of conceptual oppositions (the signified) -
have in some sense become "Saussure," while the human being, in all
his complexity, has disappeared. In the first comprehensive
biography of Ferdinand de Saussure, John Joseph restores the full
character and history of a man who is considered the founder of
modern linguistics and whose ideas have influenced literary theory,
philosophy, cultural studies, and virtually every other branch of
humanities and the social sciences.
Through a far-reaching account of Saussure's life and the time in
which he lived, we learn about the history of Geneva, of Genevese
educational institutions, of linguistics, about Saussure's
ancestry, about his childhood, his education, the fortunes of his
relatives, and his personal life in Paris. John Joseph intersperses
all these discussions with accounts of Saussure's research and the
courses he taught highlighting the ways in which knowing about his
friendships and family history can help us understand not only his
thoughts and ideas but also his utter failure to publish any major
work after the age of twenty-one.
Where is language? Answers to this have attempted to 'incorporate'
language in an 'extended mind', through cognition that is
'embodied', 'distributed', 'situated' or 'ecological'. Behind these
concepts is a long history that this book is the first to trace.
Extending across linguistics, philosophy, psychology and medicine,
as well as literary and religious dimensions of the question of
what language is, and where it is located, this book challenges
mainstream, mind-based accounts of language. Looking at research
from the Middle Ages to the present day, and exploring the work of
a range of scholars from Aristotle and Galen to Merleau-Ponty and
Chomsky, it assesses raging debates about whether mind and language
are centred in heart or brain, brain or nervous-muscular system,
and whether they are innate or learned, individual or social. This
book will appeal to scholars and advanced students in historical
linguistics, cognitive linguistics, language evolution and the
philosophy of language.
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