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In the twentieth century, dyes, pharmaceuticals, photographic
products, explosives, insecticides, fertilizers, synthetic rubber,
fuels, and fibers, plastics, and other products have flowed out of
the chemical industry and into the consumer economies, war
machines, farms, and medical practices of industrial societies. The
German chemical industry has been a major site for the development
and application of the science-based technologies that gave rise to
these products, and has had an important role as exemplar,
stimulus, and competitor in the international chemical industry.
This volume explores the German chemical industry's scientific and
technological dimension, its international connections, and its
development after 1945. The authors relate scientific and
technological change in the industry to evolving German political
and economic circumstances, including two world wars, the rise and
fall of National Socialism, the post-war division of Germany, and
the emergence of a global economy. This book will be of interest to
historians of modern Germany, to historians of science and
technology, and to business and economic historians.
In the twentieth century, dyes, pharmaceuticals, photographic
products, explosives, insecticides, fertilizers, synthetic rubber,
fuels, and fibers, plastics, and other products have flowed out of
the chemical industry and into the consumer economies, war
machines, farms, and medical practices of industrial societies. The
German chemical industry has been a major site for the development
and application of the science-based technologies that gave rise to
these products, and has had an important role as exemplar,
stimulus, and competitor in the international chemical industry.
This volume explores the German chemical industry's scientific and
technological dimension, its international connections, and its
development after 1945. The authors relate scientific and
technological change in the industry to evolving German political
and economic circumstances, including two world wars, the rise and
fall of National Socialism, the post-war division of Germany, and
the emergence of a global economy. This book will be of interest to
historians of modern Germany, to historians of science and
technology, and to business and economic historians.
In the decade from 1935-1945, while the Second World War raged in
Europe, a new class of medicines capable of controlling bacterial
infections launched a therapeutic revolution that continues today.
The new medicines were not penicillin and antibiotics, but
sulfonamides, or sulfa drugs. The sulfa drugs preceded penicillin
by almost a decade, and during World War II they carried the main
therapeutic burden in both military and civilian medicine. Their
success stimulated a rapid expansion of research and production in
the international pharmaceutical industry, raised expectations of
medicine, and accelerated the appearance of new and powerful
medicines based on research. The latter development created new
regulatory dilemmas and unanticipated therapeutic problems. The
sulfa drugs also proved extraordinarily fruitful as starting points
for new drugs or classes of drugs, both for bacterial infections
and for a number of important non-infectious diseases. This book
examines this breakthrough in medicine, pharmacy, and science in
three parts. Part I shows that an industrial research setting was
crucial to the success of the revolution in therapeutics that
emerged from medicinal chemistry. Part II shows how national
differences shaped the reception of the sulfa drugs in Germany,
France, Britain, and the United States. The author uses press
coverage of the day to explore popular perceptions of the dramatic
changes taking place in medicine. Part III documents the impact of
the sulfa drugs on the American effort in World War II. It also
shows how researchers came to an understanding of how the sulfa
drugs worked, adding a new theoretical dimension to the science of
pharmacology and at the sametime providing a basis for the
discovery of new medicinal drugs in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. A
concluding chapter summarizes the transforming impact of the sulfa
drugs on twentieth-century medicine, tracing the therapeutic
revolution from the initial breakthrough in the 1930s to the
current search for effective treatments for AIDS and the new
horizons opened up by the human genome project and stem cell
research.
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