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The fourth edition of the Historical Dictionary of Republic of the
Congo provides a comprehensive set of references on the country s
history, politics, economics, and culture. It traces the careers of
the country s leading personalities into the era following the
democratic experiment of the 1990s. It updates the country s
social, economic, and political evolution through the first decade
of the 21st century. Clark and Decalo provide a snapshot of the
Republic of the Congo through a chronology, an introductory essay,
appendixes, an extensive bibliography, and the dictionary section
of over 700 cross-referenced entries on important personalities,
leading political figures, institutions, economic enterprises,
ethnic communities, and cultural features. It provides information
on many aspects of Congolese society, culture, and society not
available on any web-based source or in any other publication. It
is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone
wanting to know more about the Republic of the Congo."
Most African states experienced only a few fleeting years of
democratic rule after independence before succumbing to
authoritarianism. During the 1970s and 1980s, Africans and
Westerners alike came to view dictatorship to be as much a part of
the region's social landscape as its grinding poverty. Yet the end
of the Cold War and the sharpening of th
Africa's Second Wave of Freedom represents the work of scholars who
share a concern with the development of civil society in Africa.
The first third of the book deals theoretically with the issues of
democracy and stability in Africa. In particular, the contributors
analyze the inadequacy of the United States' response to African
problems (such as environmental decay, spiraling debt, and health
epidemics) that do not respect national boundaries; the fragility
of democracy in Africa and the danger of reversion to
dictatorships; and the barriers to constitutional democracy in
sub-Saharan Africa. The remainder of the book consists of case
studies of various aspects of civil society from Mozambique,
Nigeria, Zimbabwe, and South Africa.
Most African states experienced only a few fleeting years of
democratic rule after independence before succumbing to
authoritarianism. During the 1970s and 1980s, Africans and
Westerners alike came to view dictatorship to be as much a part of
the region's social landscape as its grinding poverty. Yet the end
of the Cold War and the sharpening of the economic crisis at the
end of the 1980s have breathed new life into campaigns for
democracy in Africa, shaking the foundations of many long-standing
autocracies. In some cases, dramatic transitions took place, though
the fate of the new democracies is far from certain.This volume
explores the origins and evolution of political reform movements in
several states of Francophone Africa. The authors first make the
case for the distinctiveness of Francophone Africa, based on the
influences of colonial history, language, and France's contemporary
role in Africa, then survey the challenges of reform, including the
problems of transition from authoritarianism and consolidation of
democratic regimes. Case studies of thirteen former French and
Belgium colonies follow, organized by level of reform achieved:
peaceful regime change, incremental reforms, repressed reform
efforts, and reform in the mist of war.
Why did the democratic experiment launched in the Republic of Congo
in 1991 fail so dramatically in 1997? Why has it not been seriously
resumed since then? In tackling these complex questions, John Clark
provides a thorough analysis of more than fifteen years of
Congolese politics.Clark explores a series of logical hypotheses
regarding why democracy failed to take root in Congo, moving from
political culture to economic performance, ethnoregional
identities, French foreign policy, the role of militias, and
institutional design. He also discusses the country's present
""electoral authoritarian"" regime. His conclusions shed light not
only on the nature of Congolese politics, but also on the utility
of the scientific approach to understanding the social world.
Features 60 of the state's best hikes, including day hikes and
multi-day excursions. Includes the coast of South Carolina.
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