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Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not
used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad
quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are
images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to
keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the
original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain
imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made
available for future generations to enjoy.
"The book will form a solid foundation to support the transition of
students into the world of work or further research." Professor
Jane M Binner, Chair of Finance, Department of Finance, University
of Birmingham, UK "In over 20 years of teaching quantitative
methods, I have rarely come across a book such as this which
meets/exceeds all the expectations of its intended audience so
well" Tuan Yu, Lecturer, Kent Business School, Canterbury, UK "This
is a fantastic book for anyone wanting to understand, learn and
apply quantitative methods in finance using R" Professor Raphael
Markellos, Professor of Finance, Norwich Business School, UK
Quantitative Methods in Finance Using R draws on the extensive
teaching and research expertise of John Fry and Matt Burke,
covering a wide range of quantitative methods in Finance that
utilise the freely downloadable R software. With software playing
an increasingly important role in finance, this book is a must-have
introduction for finance students who want to explore how they can
undertake their own quantitative analyses in dissertation and
project work. Assuming no prior knowledge, and taking a holistic
approach, this brand new title guides you from first principles and
help to build your confidence in tackling large data sets in R.
Complete with examples and exercises with worked solutions, Fry and
Burke demonstrate how to use the R freeware for regression and
linear modelling, with attention given to presentation and the
importance of good writing and presentation skills in project work
and data analysis more generally. Through this book, you will
develop your understanding of: *Descriptive statistics *Inferential
statistics *Regression *Analysis of variance *Probability
regression models *Mixed models *Financial and non-financial time
series John Fry is a senior lecturer in Applied Mathematics at the
University of Hull. Fry has a PhD in Mathematical Finance from the
University of Sheffield. His main research interests span
mathematical finance, econophysics, statistics and operations
research. Matt Burke is a senior lecturer in Finance at Sheffield
Hallam University. He holds a PhD in Finance from the University of
East Anglia. Burke's main research interests lie in asset pricing
and climate finance.
Originally laid down as one of six giant battle cruisers, the
Saratoga survived the 1922 Washington Disarmament Treaty's cutting
torch through her conversion to a new and seemingly benign type of
vessel-the aircraft carrier. She reported for fduty off Long Beach,
CA in 1927 and for the next twelve years trained the men who would
eventually fight World War II. One of only three carriers on duty
at the outset of World War II, Saratoga, at one point, was the sole
American carrier available to Naval Aviation. She suffered two
torpedo attacks and a horrifying kamikaze attack, and was reported
sunk many times by the Japanese. Refitted as a night-attack
carrier, then relegated to the role of training carrier, Saratoga
survived the war only to be sacrificed in the atomic bomb tests at
Bikini Atoll in 1946. No carrier, or ship, played a greater role in
developing the men and tactics that became the massive force that
United States Naval Aviation.
First published in 2003. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor &
Francis, an informa company.
In the fall of 1913, Laura and Earle Smith, a young Iowa couple,
made the gutsy--some might say foolhardy--decision to homestead in
Wyoming. There, they built their first house, a claim shanty half
dug out of the ground, hauled every drop of their water from a
spring over a half-mile away, and fought off rattlesnakes and
boredom on a daily basis. Soon, other families moved to nearby
homesteads, and the Smiths built a house closer to those neighbors.
The growing community built its first public schoolhouse and
celebrated the Fourth of July together--although the festivities
were cut short because of snow.By 1917, however, the Smiths had
moved back to Iowa, leasing their land to a local rancher and using
the proceeds to fund Earle's study of law. The Smiths lived in Iowa
for most of the rest of their lives, and sometime after the
mid-1930s, Laura wrote this clear, vivid, witty, and
self-deprecating memoir of their time in Wyoming, a book that
captures the pioneer spirit of the era and of the building of
community against daunting odds.
This book investigates the operation of two linguistic mechanisms, ellipsis and wa-marking, in a corpus of colloquial Japanese speech. Its data set is the CallHome Japanese (CHJ) corpus, a collection of transcripts and digitized speech data for 120 telephone conversations between native speakers of Japanese. To make the CHJ data useful for linguistic research, John Fry annotates the original transcripts with a comprehensive set of acoustic, phonetic, syntactic and semantic tags. John Fry demonstrates that Japanese conversation obeys certain principles of argument ellipsis that appear to be language universal: namely, the tendency to omit transitive and human subjects and the tendency to express no more than one argument per clause. Analyzing the CHJ data further, Fry investigates the use and function of the topic-marking particle wa.
The quality of health care in the US depends on the patient's
ability to pay and his or her insurance cover, at an annual cost of
$3600 per head of population. In the UK, the quality of care costs
less at an annual cost of $1000 per head of population, although
care is sometimes delayed through a lack of resources. This book
compares the two systems from the viewpoint of primary care,
identifying some models of excellence from which both can benefit.
It draws on the experience of the NHS reforms in the UK and the
political imperative to control costs and improve the service in
the US.
Guidelines are powerful instruments of assistance to clinicians,
capable of extending the clinical roles of nurses and pharmacists.
Purchasers and managers perceive them as technological tools
guaranteeing treatment quality. Guidelines also offer mechanisms by
which doctors and other health care professionals can be made more
accountable to their patients. But how can clinicians tell whether
a guideline has authority, and whether or not it should be
followed? Does the law protect doctors who comply with guidelines?
Are guideline developers liable for faulty advice? This timely book
provides a comprehensive and accessible analysis of the many
medical and legal issues arising from the current explosion of
clinical guidelines. Featuring clear summaries of relevant UK, US
and Commonwealth case law, it is vital reading for all doctors,
health care workers, managers, purchasers, patients, and lawyers.
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Heart Failure (Paperback)
Gerald Sandler, John Fry
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This series is intended particularly for young doctors working in
hospitals and in primary care and for those involved in training
them. The series has been designed to cover growing points in
medicine and the authors have been chosen, not just because of
their expertise, but also because they are working both in
hospitals and the community and are thus sensitive to the problems
and needs of doctors in both areas.
The New Contract which came into force on April 1st 1990 includes
proposals for the provision of minor surgery services by the
General Practitioner. The aim of this book is to assist those
doctors undertaking minor surgery in their Practices. It is
intended to present a practical, clear and concise text. This is
accompanied by easy to follow illustrations. The contents of the
book are governed by two considerations. Firstly, it covers only
those procedures which are safe for the patient. Secondly, it only
includes minor surgery which it is possible for the ordinary
General Practitioner in a busy practice to undertake. Vll Chapter
One The Advantages of Minor Surgery in General Practice Minor
Surgery:- Despite this descriptive term, no surgery can be
considered "minor" no matter where it is carried out! It requires a
knowledge of anatomy and basic surgical principles. There must be
an understanding of the procedures and technical skills required.
Careful planning is needed at all stages. Arrangements must also be
made to deal with any complications and disasters which may occur.
Having stated these provisos, however, surgical procedures can and
should be an important part of general practice within the British
National Health Service (NHS). There are many advantages to be
gained, both for patient and doctor, when minor surgery is
undertaken by the general practitioner.
As 'seasoned campaigners' we offer our readers more than 60 joint
practice years of commonsense experience on children and their prob
lems. Child care is a large and fascinating part of general family
practice. More than any other discipline it is a mix of
understanding the wide range of normal and abnormal development, of
skilful diagnosis and treatment of treatable conditions, of
long-term care for handicapped children, and of organizing and
carrying out prevention. F or all this and more the physician has
to rely on sound knowledge and understanding of the child, parents,
family, social and community conditions, available services and the
likely natural history of the condition - and to dispense all this
with humanity, sense and sensi bility. We have divided the book
logically into 6 sections: (I) Factual background. (2) Universal
problems of behaviour and development. (3) Common clinical
disorders, so frequent and yet often so dif ficult to manage. (4)
Social, family and community factors that create and influ ence
many problems of childhood. (5) How to use available services and
resources with discrimina tion and sensitivity. (6) The importance
of understanding and managing the whole child. We have no single
group of readers in mind. We hope that our views will be
appreciated, for example, by parents, nurses, health visitors,
general practitioners, community physicians and paedia tricians -
in fact all who care for children."
This fourth edition of Common Diseases comes just over 10 years
after the first. There has been change and counterchange in the
primary health care (PHC) field. One change has been the tendency
to replace 'general practice' by 'PHC'. Vocational training has
become compulsory. With larger group practices have come formalized
teams and teamwork, increasing con cern with the business side of
general practice and attempts to achieve best values for money and
maximal profits. On the clinical side there have been enthusiasms
for prevention, early diagnosis, anticipatory care, screening and
quality initiatives. As a counterchange it is necessary to remind
ourselves that the real essence of general practice, PHC, or
whatever title we give it, is 'personal doctoring' of people as
individuals in family units. All the changes mentioned will achieve
less than expected without good continuing doctor/ patient personal
care. But even this is not enough. Good general practice demands a
sound knowledge of the nature of disease in the community. Not only
are traditional diagnostic and therapeutic skills necessary, but
also application of an understanding of the frequency and
distribution of the diseases and an awareness of their likely
natural history - their course and outcome."
The original Beecham Manual for General Practice was produced by Dr
Selwyn Carson, of Christchurch, New Zealand, whose objective was a
set of instructions for patient care for his practice team. Beecham
Research Laboratories published and distributed it. Dr Ed Gawthorn
of Melbourne, Australia, edited an Australian version again
published and distributed by Beecham Research Laboratories. We were
invited to adapt the New Zealand and Australian editions for
British readers -but we decided that we should produce an entirely
new Manual. This was done and it was published and distributed to
general practitioners by Beecham Research Laboratories. This latest
edition has been revised and updated. The Manual is a ready
reference on planned care of certain age groups and situations;
specific procedures and emergencies; and clinical care in general
practice of important conditions. We have intentionally adopted a
concise didactic style that should be helpful for trainers,
trainees and members of the practice team. We thank Beecham
Research Laboratories, and especially Ed Stanford and Bill Burns,
for their support and help over many years. John Fry (Editor) June
1982 viii Section A PLANNED CARE Family Planning A1 Discuss with
the individual patient the advantages and disadvantages of all the
methods. Keep in mind individual needs, wishes and religious
beliefs. In Great Britain * 2.5 million women are registered with
their G.P.'s for contraception. -100 per G.P. * 95% of G.P.'s
provide contraceptive services.
Why yet another book on clinical diagnosis? The profusion ofmedical
text booksfor studentsand young postgraduates is known to all ofus,
and so also is the time-consuming and frequently frus- trating
search in these books for the relevant facts we need, so often sub-
merged in a mass of information which we do not really require. The
traditional textbook that most clinicians have used in their
training may well be written in the leisurely, discursive and
unstructured style much loved by our teachers of old, but perhaps
out of place in modern medical education where knowledge is so
rapidly expanding and time available for its assimi- lation rapidly
contracting. It iswith these considerationsinmindthat wefelt
itwould beusefulto pro- vide a clear, concise, easily readable and
well-illustrated book on the essen- tials of clinical diagnosis.
Each chapter deals with a medical problem commonly encountered in
dailyclinicalpracticeand beginswith alistofthepossiblecausesand
apracti- cal perspective of their prevalence in general practice
and in hospital prac- tice; the age distribution and the
clinicalsignificanceofthe various disorders is also pointed out.
The majorpartofthe chapter isconcernedwith thediag- nostic approach
to the particular problem and emphasizes the importance of
symptomsand signsin reachingthecorrectdiagnosis, as well asthe
value and limitation of the investigational approach to the
diagnosis. The book emphasizes the fundamental clinical skills
ofhistory-taking and clinicalexamination in diagnosis, so
frequently and mistakenlysubordinated to the investigational
approach which is often disappointing in the limited diagnostic
help which it does provide.
Herewe offer anew approach to understanding and managing common
medical conditions. With the needs of our readers in mind we
present clearer, more extensive and more expansive views on them.
Traditional medical textbooks are wordy tomes with well worn
patterns dealing in set order with 'causes, symptoms and signs,
diagnosis and treatment'. They offer formal instant snapshots of
diseases. We have devised an economic synoptic style, and we have
endeavoured to give acomprehensive and an on-going long term
movepicture ofeach condition and to relate this to the
analysisofsymptoms and signs, to diagnostic assessment and to
management and treatment. We have selected 22 important conditions
and for eachhave followed the same sequence of questions and
answers: * What is it? giving a brief summary of the current
understanding of the nature of the condition. * Who gets it when?
showing the age-sex distributions and influence ofother factors
such as social class, international comparisons,
andtheirlikelyfrequency ingeneralpractice and at the district
general hospital. * What happens? analysing the significance of
symptoms and signs, the likely course and outcome and how these
influence care. * What to do? an appreciation of the nature and
presentation of the condition, and their relevance to diagnosis and
management.
The trials and tribulations of a Canadian business titan during a
fascinating period in 19th-century Quebec. A Mind at Sea is an
intimate window into a vanished time when Canada was among the
world's great maritime countries. Between 1856 and 1877, Henry Fry
was the Lloyd's agent for the St. Lawrence River, east of Montreal.
The harbour coves below his home in Quebec were crammed with
immense rafts of cut wood, the river's shoreline sprawled with
yards where giant square-rigged ships - many owned by Fry - were
built. As the president of Canada's Dominion Board of Trade, Fry
was at the epicentre of wealth and influence. His home city of
Quebec served as the capital of the province of Canada, while its
port was often the scene of raw criminality. He fought vigorously
against the kidnapping of sailors and the dangerous practice of
deck loading. He also battled against and overcame his personal
demon - mental depression - going on to write many ship histories
and essays on U.S.-Canada relations. Fry was a colourful figure and
a reformer who interacted with the famous figures of the day,
including Lord and Lady Dufferin, Sir John A. Macdonald, Wilfrid
Laurier, and Sir Narcisse-Fortunat Belleau, Quebec's
lieutenant-governor.
The Membership examination of the Royal College of General
Practitioners has evolved and matured as a seal and a test on
completion of vocational training. More than 1000 candidates are
taking the examination each year and an increasing majority are
trainees who have completed their three year training period. The
whole concept and philosophy of the MRCGP has been questioned by
critical cynics who refuse to accept general practice as a field of
medical practice worthy of recognition as a specialty with its own
core of know ledge, skills and expertise and with its own special
epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentations and management.
These cynical critics are being answered by the growth of the
examination and its recognition within the profession as an
important and necessary goal to be achieved. The MRCGP exam has
arrived, it is here to stay and it will continue to grow and
evolve. The exam is no easy obstacle to negotiate. It has a regular
failure rate of I in 3 and it requires special preparation and
study of its examinees if they are to understand its aims, contents
and methods. It must not be assumed that even the brightest trainee
can walk off the street, enter the examin ation hall and be
confident of passing. It requires a few months of careful and
guided preparation.
Medicine is news. There is constant public interest in health and
disease; in medical miracles and in breakthroughs; in medical
disasters, failures and malpraxis ; in deficiencies and defects
ofhealth services; and in the rising costs ofhealth care. Medicine
is 'big business'. Physicians co me out near the top money earners
in most medical care systems. In the Uni ted Kingdom the National
Health Service (NHS) now costs over [6000 million a year ($ ro 800
million), a free service that costs every British man, woman and
child [120 a year ($216) in direct and indirect taxes. But this is
less than the [500 ($900) a year that medical care costs each
person in USA and West Germany. In developed countries health care
costs are approaching ro% ofthe gross national product (GNP). It is
big business also in that in Britain the NHS is one of the largest
employers; about I million Britons work as employees of the NHS,
caring for the other 54 millions and in the USA the numbers are 5
million caring for 2. 5 millions. The provision of health services
is full of problems and dilemmas. These problems and dilemmas cross
all' national boundaries. All countries share the same problems and
dilemmas. Problems of objectives, of standards, of effectiveness
and efficiency, and problems of relations between the medical
profession, the public and govern ment. Medical care still is full
of mystique.
One of the eXCltmg challenges of medicine has been the reaching of
decisions based on less than complete evidence. As undergraduates
in teaching hospitals future physicians are taught to think in
clear and absolute black and white terms. Diagnoses in teaching
hospitals all are based on supportive positive findings of in
vestigations. Treatment follows logically on precise diagnosis.
When patients die the causes of death are confirmed at autopsy. How
very different is real life in clinical practice, and particularly
in family medicine. By the very nature of the common conditions
that present diagnoses tend to be imprecise and based on clinical
assessment and interpretation. Much of the management and treatment
of patients is based on opinions of individual physicians based on
their personal expenences. Because of the relative professional
isolation offamily physicians within their own practices, not
unexpectedly divergent views and opinions are formed. There is
nothing wrong in such divergencies because there are no clear
absolute black and white decisions. General family practice
functions in grey areas of medicine where it is possible and quite
correct to hold polarized distinct opinions. The essence of good
care must be eternal flexibility and readiness to change long-held
cherished opinions. To demonstrate that with many issues in family
medicine it is possible to have more than one view I selected 10
clinical and II non -clinical topics and invited colleagues and
fellow-practitioners to enter into a debate-in-print."
This third edition of the Beecham Manual has its origins in a
manual produced by Selwyn Carson for his general practice in
Christchurch, New Zealand. He produced loose-leaf sets of
instructions for his practice team and colleagues. Beecham Research
Laboratories of New Zealand did a great service for the medical
profession by publishing and distributing Dr Carson's manual there.
The British version of the Beecham Manual had different objectives.
The vocational training programme needed basic resources and the
British Manual was created as an easy to read reference book on
common prob lems and methods in general practice. The first and
second editions met with enthusiastic approval from princi pals,
trainers and trainees. This third edition follows the same general
format but has been completely revised and updated and includes
many new additions. The five sections are: o planned care of
definable population and other groups o principles of teaching and
learning o emergencies and their management o psychiatry o clinical
care of common conditions We have kept to simple, clear and brief
presentations of our conjoint views based on our experiences in our
own practices. We dedicate this third edition to our colleagues
involved in caring, learning and teaching. They may not agree with
us completely but we hope that we will make them consider our
suggestions and use them for thought, debate and discussion. We
hope also that it will be used as a work book for the whole
practice team."
Although we have no good definition of 'health', all people have
their own ideas of whether they are healthy or not. Based on
personal experience and knowledge each person comes to accept that
within themselves there is a normal range of feelings and
performance, departure from which could be considered abnormal or
unhealthy. Despite the many amazing technological advances made
over recent decades it cannot be said that access to advanced
medical care is the main determining factor in the healthiness or
otherwise of a society. Even in these modern times most diseases
and health problems are non-curable in the strict sense, and the
scope for effective prevention of disease is more limited than some
enthusiasts suggest. Individuals must appreciate the limitations of
modern medical care and, while seeking to use the care available to
best possible effect, accept that the responsibility for trying to
prevent major disease rests in their own hands. In this book we
have tried to present a balanced and realistic picture of the many
factors that must be taken into account if optimum disease
prevention and health maintenance are to be achieved. The health of
your family is your responsibility. An understanding of what can go
wrong, how it can be prevented or how it can best be coped with can
only be helpful to you.
This book is a personal testimony of faith in the future and in the
progression to better health and a better life. It is the testament
of a rough and ready measuring device - a practising physician who
sought to compare and contrast three systems of medical care to see
what can be distilled from them to help us all in achieving better
services for medical care. Medical care as a human and civic right
is the con cern of us all. Seeking to live longer and in good
health we depend on medical, social and welfare services to attain
this goal. Yet it is quite obvious that there are limits and
dilemmas that prevent anything but an unsatisfactory compromise.
The resources that are available cannot meet all the calls. How
then can we make the best use of the resources that we have? This
must be the theme for this book. What can we learn from each other
for the com mon good? Since we all are facing the same common prob
lems, how do we go about resolving them? For example, how do the
medical care services in the USSR, USA and UK cope with an acute
heart attack, with a middle-aged woman with depression, with a
brain-damaged child, with a road accident or with a case of
measles? These are the common human factors involved."
John P. Horder, President, 1980-82 The first 30 years of the
College have been an exciting experience for those most closely
involved. Some have already passed on, but this account has been
written soon enough for many of the actors to be historians. Future
members of the College will be grateful to them for what they have
written, as well as for what they did as a remarkably determined
and harmonious team. Students of twentieth century medicine in this
country will also be grateful for a first-hand account of the
development of an institution which has been closely associated
with, and partly responsible for, important changes in medical care
and education. Those who read these pages may wonder how the
builders of this young College could have found time to do much
general practice. They did. The three editors of this history,
which covers 25 years, and the general practitioner members of the
Steering Committee all ran large practices, in which they worked
very hard throughout that time. Most of their work for the College
was done during off-duty hours, weekends and holidays. The College
could not have developed as it did, had they not been personally
concerned with the practical problems and needs of clinical
medicine. This is also true of many of the contributors. It is
impossible to mention everyone who deserves credit. The editors
hope that they may be forgiven for any serious omissions.
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