"The book will form a solid foundation to support the transition of students into the world of work or further research." Professor Jane M Binner, Chair of Finance, Department of Finance, University of Birmingham, UK "In over 20 years of teaching quantitative methods, I have rarely come across a book such as this which meets/exceeds all the expectations of its intended audience so well" Tuan Yu, Lecturer, Kent Business School, Canterbury, UK "This is a fantastic book for anyone wanting to understand, learn and apply quantitative methods in finance using R" Professor Raphael Markellos, Professor of Finance, Norwich Business School, UK Quantitative Methods in Finance Using R draws on the extensive teaching and research expertise of John Fry and Matt Burke, covering a wide range of quantitative methods in Finance that utilise the freely downloadable R software. With software playing an increasingly important role in finance, this book is a must-have introduction for finance students who want to explore how they can undertake their own quantitative analyses in dissertation and project work. Assuming no prior knowledge, and taking a holistic approach, this brand new title guides you from first principles and help to build your confidence in tackling large data sets in R. Complete with examples and exercises with worked solutions, Fry and Burke demonstrate how to use the R freeware for regression and linear modelling, with attention given to presentation and the importance of good writing and presentation skills in project work and data analysis more generally. Through this book, you will develop your understanding of: *Descriptive statistics *Inferential statistics *Regression *Analysis of variance *Probability regression models *Mixed models *Financial and non-financial time series John Fry is a senior lecturer in Applied Mathematics at the University of Hull. Fry has a PhD in Mathematical Finance from the University of Sheffield. His main research interests span mathematical finance, econophysics, statistics and operations research. Matt Burke is a senior lecturer in Finance at Sheffield Hallam University. He holds a PhD in Finance from the University of East Anglia. Burke's main research interests lie in asset pricing and climate finance.

Originally laid down as one of six giant battle cruisers, the Saratoga survived the 1922 Washington Disarmament Treaty's cutting torch through her conversion to a new and seemingly benign type of vessel-the aircraft carrier. She reported for fduty off Long Beach, CA in 1927 and for the next twelve years trained the men who would eventually fight World War II. One of only three carriers on duty at the outset of World War II, Saratoga, at one point, was the sole American carrier available to Naval Aviation. She suffered two torpedo attacks and a horrifying kamikaze attack, and was reported sunk many times by the Japanese. Refitted as a night-attack carrier, then relegated to the role of training carrier, Saratoga survived the war only to be sacrificed in the atomic bomb tests at Bikini Atoll in 1946. No carrier, or ship, played a greater role in developing the men and tactics that became the massive force that United States Naval Aviation.

First published in 2003. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

This book investigates the operation of two linguistic mechanisms, ellipsis and wa-marking, in a corpus of colloquial Japanese speech. Its data set is the CallHome Japanese (CHJ) corpus, a collection of transcripts and digitized speech data for 120 telephone conversations between native speakers of Japanese. To make the CHJ data useful for linguistic research, John Fry annotates the original transcripts with a comprehensive set of acoustic, phonetic, syntactic and semantic tags.
John Fry demonstrates that Japanese conversation obeys certain principles of argument ellipsis that appear to be language universal: namely, the tendency to omit transitive and human subjects and the tendency to express no more than one argument per clause. Analyzing the CHJ data further, Fry investigates the use and function of the topic-marking particle wa.

The quality of health care in the US depends on the patient's ability to pay and his or her insurance cover, at an annual cost of $3600 per head of population. In the UK, the quality of care costs less at an annual cost of $1000 per head of population, although care is sometimes delayed through a lack of resources. This book compares the two systems from the viewpoint of primary care, identifying some models of excellence from which both can benefit. It draws on the experience of the NHS reforms in the UK and the political imperative to control costs and improve the service in the US.

Guidelines are powerful instruments of assistance to clinicians, capable of extending the clinical roles of nurses and pharmacists. Purchasers and managers perceive them as technological tools guaranteeing treatment quality. Guidelines also offer mechanisms by which doctors and other health care professionals can be made more accountable to their patients. But how can clinicians tell whether a guideline has authority, and whether or not it should be followed? Does the law protect doctors who comply with guidelines? Are guideline developers liable for faulty advice? This timely book provides a comprehensive and accessible analysis of the many medical and legal issues arising from the current explosion of clinical guidelines. Featuring clear summaries of relevant UK, US and Commonwealth case law, it is vital reading for all doctors, health care workers, managers, purchasers, patients, and lawyers.

This series is intended particularly for young doctors working in hospitals and in primary care and for those involved in training them. The series has been designed to cover growing points in medicine and the authors have been chosen, not just because of their expertise, but also because they are working both in hospitals and the community and are thus sensitive to the problems and needs of doctors in both areas.

The New Contract which came into force on April 1st 1990 includes proposals for the provision of minor surgery services by the General Practitioner. The aim of this book is to assist those doctors undertaking minor surgery in their Practices. It is intended to present a practical, clear and concise text. This is accompanied by easy to follow illustrations. The contents of the book are governed by two considerations. Firstly, it covers only those procedures which are safe for the patient. Secondly, it only includes minor surgery which it is possible for the ordinary General Practitioner in a busy practice to undertake. Vll Chapter One The Advantages of Minor Surgery in General Practice Minor Surgery:- Despite this descriptive term, no surgery can be considered "minor" no matter where it is carried out! It requires a knowledge of anatomy and basic surgical principles. There must be an understanding of the procedures and technical skills required. Careful planning is needed at all stages. Arrangements must also be made to deal with any complications and disasters which may occur. Having stated these provisos, however, surgical procedures can and should be an important part of general practice within the British National Health Service (NHS). There are many advantages to be gained, both for patient and doctor, when minor surgery is undertaken by the general practitioner.

As 'seasoned campaigners' we offer our readers more than 60 joint practice years of commonsense experience on children and their prob lems. Child care is a large and fascinating part of general family practice. More than any other discipline it is a mix of understanding the wide range of normal and abnormal development, of skilful diagnosis and treatment of treatable conditions, of long-term care for handicapped children, and of organizing and carrying out prevention. F or all this and more the physician has to rely on sound knowledge and understanding of the child, parents, family, social and community conditions, available services and the likely natural history of the condition - and to dispense all this with humanity, sense and sensi bility. We have divided the book logically into 6 sections: (I) Factual background. (2) Universal problems of behaviour and development. (3) Common clinical disorders, so frequent and yet often so dif ficult to manage. (4) Social, family and community factors that create and influ ence many problems of childhood. (5) How to use available services and resources with discrimina tion and sensitivity. (6) The importance of understanding and managing the whole child. We have no single group of readers in mind. We hope that our views will be appreciated, for example, by parents, nurses, health visitors, general practitioners, community physicians and paedia tricians - in fact all who care for children."

This fourth edition of Common Diseases comes just over 10 years after the first. There has been change and counterchange in the primary health care (PHC) field. One change has been the tendency to replace 'general practice' by 'PHC'. Vocational training has become compulsory. With larger group practices have come formalized teams and teamwork, increasing con cern with the business side of general practice and attempts to achieve best values for money and maximal profits. On the clinical side there have been enthusiasms for prevention, early diagnosis, anticipatory care, screening and quality initiatives. As a counterchange it is necessary to remind ourselves that the real essence of general practice, PHC, or whatever title we give it, is 'personal doctoring' of people as individuals in family units. All the changes mentioned will achieve less than expected without good continuing doctor/ patient personal care. But even this is not enough. Good general practice demands a sound knowledge of the nature of disease in the community. Not only are traditional diagnostic and therapeutic skills necessary, but also application of an understanding of the frequency and distribution of the diseases and an awareness of their likely natural history - their course and outcome."

Why yet another book on clinical diagnosis? The profusion ofmedical text booksfor studentsand young postgraduates is known to all ofus, and so also is the time-consuming and frequently frus- trating search in these books for the relevant facts we need, so often sub- merged in a mass of information which we do not really require. The traditional textbook that most clinicians have used in their training may well be written in the leisurely, discursive and unstructured style much loved by our teachers of old, but perhaps out of place in modern medical education where knowledge is so rapidly expanding and time available for its assimi- lation rapidly contracting. It iswith these considerationsinmindthat wefelt itwould beusefulto pro- vide a clear, concise, easily readable and well-illustrated book on the essen- tials of clinical diagnosis. Each chapter deals with a medical problem commonly encountered in dailyclinicalpracticeand beginswith alistofthepossiblecausesand apracti- cal perspective of their prevalence in general practice and in hospital prac- tice; the age distribution and the clinicalsignificanceofthe various disorders is also pointed out. The majorpartofthe chapter isconcernedwith thediag- nostic approach to the particular problem and emphasizes the importance of symptomsand signsin reachingthecorrectdiagnosis, as well asthe value and limitation of the investigational approach to the diagnosis. The book emphasizes the fundamental clinical skills ofhistory-taking and clinicalexamination in diagnosis, so frequently and mistakenlysubordinated to the investigational approach which is often disappointing in the limited diagnostic help which it does provide.

The original Beecham Manual for General Practice was produced by Dr Selwyn Carson, of Christchurch, New Zealand, whose objective was a set of instructions for patient care for his practice team. Beecham Research Laboratories published and distributed it. Dr Ed Gawthorn of Melbourne, Australia, edited an Australian version again published and distributed by Beecham Research Laboratories. We were invited to adapt the New Zealand and Australian editions for British readers -but we decided that we should produce an entirely new Manual. This was done and it was published and distributed to general practitioners by Beecham Research Laboratories. This latest edition has been revised and updated. The Manual is a ready reference on planned care of certain age groups and situations; specific procedures and emergencies; and clinical care in general practice of important conditions. We have intentionally adopted a concise didactic style that should be helpful for trainers, trainees and members of the practice team. We thank Beecham Research Laboratories, and especially Ed Stanford and Bill Burns, for their support and help over many years. John Fry (Editor) June 1982 viii Section A PLANNED CARE Family Planning A1 Discuss with the individual patient the advantages and disadvantages of all the methods. Keep in mind individual needs, wishes and religious beliefs. In Great Britain * 2.5 million women are registered with their G.P.'s for contraception. -100 per G.P. * 95% of G.P.'s provide contraceptive services.

Herewe offer anew approach to understanding and managing common medical conditions. With the needs of our readers in mind we present clearer, more extensive and more expansive views on them. Traditional medical textbooks are wordy tomes with well worn patterns dealing in set order with 'causes, symptoms and signs, diagnosis and treatment'. They offer formal instant snapshots of diseases. We have devised an economic synoptic style, and we have endeavoured to give acomprehensive and an on-going long term movepicture ofeach condition and to relate this to the analysisofsymptoms and signs, to diagnostic assessment and to management and treatment. We have selected 22 important conditions and for eachhave followed the same sequence of questions and answers: * What is it? giving a brief summary of the current understanding of the nature of the condition. * Who gets it when? showing the age-sex distributions and influence ofother factors such as social class, international comparisons, andtheirlikelyfrequency ingeneralpractice and at the district general hospital. * What happens? analysing the significance of symptoms and signs, the likely course and outcome and how these influence care. * What to do? an appreciation of the nature and presentation of the condition, and their relevance to diagnosis and management.

The trials and tribulations of a Canadian business titan during a fascinating period in 19th-century Quebec. A Mind at Sea is an intimate window into a vanished time when Canada was among the world's great maritime countries. Between 1856 and 1877, Henry Fry was the Lloyd's agent for the St. Lawrence River, east of Montreal. The harbour coves below his home in Quebec were crammed with immense rafts of cut wood, the river's shoreline sprawled with yards where giant square-rigged ships - many owned by Fry - were built. As the president of Canada's Dominion Board of Trade, Fry was at the epicentre of wealth and influence. His home city of Quebec served as the capital of the province of Canada, while its port was often the scene of raw criminality. He fought vigorously against the kidnapping of sailors and the dangerous practice of deck loading. He also battled against and overcame his personal demon - mental depression - going on to write many ship histories and essays on U.S.-Canada relations. Fry was a colourful figure and a reformer who interacted with the famous figures of the day, including Lord and Lady Dufferin, Sir John A. Macdonald, Wilfrid Laurier, and Sir Narcisse-Fortunat Belleau, Quebec's lieutenant-governor.

The Membership examination of the Royal College of General Practitioners has evolved and matured as a seal and a test on completion of vocational training. More than 1000 candidates are taking the examination each year and an increasing majority are trainees who have completed their three year training period. The whole concept and philosophy of the MRCGP has been questioned by critical cynics who refuse to accept general practice as a field of medical practice worthy of recognition as a specialty with its own core of know ledge, skills and expertise and with its own special epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentations and management. These cynical critics are being answered by the growth of the examination and its recognition within the profession as an important and necessary goal to be achieved. The MRCGP exam has arrived, it is here to stay and it will continue to grow and evolve. The exam is no easy obstacle to negotiate. It has a regular failure rate of I in 3 and it requires special preparation and study of its examinees if they are to understand its aims, contents and methods. It must not be assumed that even the brightest trainee can walk off the street, enter the examin ation hall and be confident of passing. It requires a few months of careful and guided preparation.

Medicine is news. There is constant public interest in health and disease; in medical miracles and in breakthroughs; in medical disasters, failures and malpraxis ; in deficiencies and defects ofhealth services; and in the rising costs ofhealth care. Medicine is 'big business'. Physicians co me out near the top money earners in most medical care systems. In the Uni ted Kingdom the National Health Service (NHS) now costs over [6000 million a year ($ ro 800 million), a free service that costs every British man, woman and child [120 a year ($216) in direct and indirect taxes. But this is less than the [500 ($900) a year that medical care costs each person in USA and West Germany. In developed countries health care costs are approaching ro% ofthe gross national product (GNP). It is big business also in that in Britain the NHS is one of the largest employers; about I million Britons work as employees of the NHS, caring for the other 54 millions and in the USA the numbers are 5 million caring for 2. 5 millions. The provision of health services is full of problems and dilemmas. These problems and dilemmas cross all' national boundaries. All countries share the same problems and dilemmas. Problems of objectives, of standards, of effectiveness and efficiency, and problems of relations between the medical profession, the public and govern ment. Medical care still is full of mystique.

One of the eXCltmg challenges of medicine has been the reaching of decisions based on less than complete evidence. As undergraduates in teaching hospitals future physicians are taught to think in clear and absolute black and white terms. Diagnoses in teaching hospitals all are based on supportive positive findings of in vestigations. Treatment follows logically on precise diagnosis. When patients die the causes of death are confirmed at autopsy. How very different is real life in clinical practice, and particularly in family medicine. By the very nature of the common conditions that present diagnoses tend to be imprecise and based on clinical assessment and interpretation. Much of the management and treatment of patients is based on opinions of individual physicians based on their personal expenences. Because of the relative professional isolation offamily physicians within their own practices, not unexpectedly divergent views and opinions are formed. There is nothing wrong in such divergencies because there are no clear absolute black and white decisions. General family practice functions in grey areas of medicine where it is possible and quite correct to hold polarized distinct opinions. The essence of good care must be eternal flexibility and readiness to change long-held cherished opinions. To demonstrate that with many issues in family medicine it is possible to have more than one view I selected 10 clinical and II non -clinical topics and invited colleagues and fellow-practitioners to enter into a debate-in-print."

Although we have no good definition of 'health', all people have their own ideas of whether they are healthy or not. Based on personal experience and knowledge each person comes to accept that within themselves there is a normal range of feelings and performance, departure from which could be considered abnormal or unhealthy. Despite the many amazing technological advances made over recent decades it cannot be said that access to advanced medical care is the main determining factor in the healthiness or otherwise of a society. Even in these modern times most diseases and health problems are non-curable in the strict sense, and the scope for effective prevention of disease is more limited than some enthusiasts suggest. Individuals must appreciate the limitations of modern medical care and, while seeking to use the care available to best possible effect, accept that the responsibility for trying to prevent major disease rests in their own hands. In this book we have tried to present a balanced and realistic picture of the many factors that must be taken into account if optimum disease prevention and health maintenance are to be achieved. The health of your family is your responsibility. An understanding of what can go wrong, how it can be prevented or how it can best be coped with can only be helpful to you.

This third edition of the Beecham Manual has its origins in a manual produced by Selwyn Carson for his general practice in Christchurch, New Zealand. He produced loose-leaf sets of instructions for his practice team and colleagues. Beecham Research Laboratories of New Zealand did a great service for the medical profession by publishing and distributing Dr Carson's manual there. The British version of the Beecham Manual had different objectives. The vocational training programme needed basic resources and the British Manual was created as an easy to read reference book on common prob lems and methods in general practice. The first and second editions met with enthusiastic approval from princi pals, trainers and trainees. This third edition follows the same general format but has been completely revised and updated and includes many new additions. The five sections are: o planned care of definable population and other groups o principles of teaching and learning o emergencies and their management o psychiatry o clinical care of common conditions We have kept to simple, clear and brief presentations of our conjoint views based on our experiences in our own practices. We dedicate this third edition to our colleagues involved in caring, learning and teaching. They may not agree with us completely but we hope that we will make them consider our suggestions and use them for thought, debate and discussion. We hope also that it will be used as a work book for the whole practice team."

John P. Horder, President, 1980-82 The first 30 years of the College have been an exciting experience for those most closely involved. Some have already passed on, but this account has been written soon enough for many of the actors to be historians. Future members of the College will be grateful to them for what they have written, as well as for what they did as a remarkably determined and harmonious team. Students of twentieth century medicine in this country will also be grateful for a first-hand account of the development of an institution which has been closely associated with, and partly responsible for, important changes in medical care and education. Those who read these pages may wonder how the builders of this young College could have found time to do much general practice. They did. The three editors of this history, which covers 25 years, and the general practitioner members of the Steering Committee all ran large practices, in which they worked very hard throughout that time. Most of their work for the College was done during off-duty hours, weekends and holidays. The College could not have developed as it did, had they not been personally concerned with the practical problems and needs of clinical medicine. This is also true of many of the contributors. It is impossible to mention everyone who deserves credit. The editors hope that they may be forgiven for any serious omissions.

One of the few real and lasting benefits of international medical meetings is the opportunity to meet, talk, gossip and get to know colleagues from other countries. So it was that we met, talked and planned at WONCA (World Organization of National Colleges and Academies and Academic Associa tions of General Practitioners/Family Physicians) meetings at Montreux and New Orleans. We realized that although we worked in different places and in different practices 'primary health care' was essentially the same the world over. Our roles, our problems, our clinical content, our challenges and objectives were similar whether we work in Europe, North America, Australasia, South Africa or developing countries. With such similarities we asked ourselves - 'why not share our common experiences for mutual benefits?' The question developed into an idea and the idea into this book. We started by selecting what we considered were important topics and then we invited friends and colleagues to join us in putting our experiences and beliefs from years of practice to readers from all over the world to demonstrate our common concerns and to learn from one another."

This book is a personal testimony of faith in the future and in the progression to better health and a better life. It is the testament of a rough and ready measuring device - a practising physician who sought to compare and contrast three systems of medical care to see what can be distilled from them to help us all in achieving better services for medical care. Medical care as a human and civic right is the con cern of us all. Seeking to live longer and in good health we depend on medical, social and welfare services to attain this goal. Yet it is quite obvious that there are limits and dilemmas that prevent anything but an unsatisfactory compromise. The resources that are available cannot meet all the calls. How then can we make the best use of the resources that we have? This must be the theme for this book. What can we learn from each other for the com mon good? Since we all are facing the same common prob lems, how do we go about resolving them? For example, how do the medical care services in the USSR, USA and UK cope with an acute heart attack, with a middle-aged woman with depression, with a brain-damaged child, with a road accident or with a case of measles? These are the common human factors involved."

Administering the National Health Service (NHS) is asking to navigate without reliable and sufficient information. It is amazing how a national service costing more than GBP15,OOOM (1984) and employing more than 1 million has existed since 1948. It is likely that with better appropriate data there could be economies and great efficiency and effectiveness. Paradoxically there is much data on the NHS, published and unpublished, that has remained unexploited and unused. In this book we have taken up the challenges of showing the availability of data and its presentation so that clinicians, adminis trators, committee members and politicians can better understand the state and needs of the NHS. Why this book? Because it is not possible to make decisions without facts. There is too much data around that is unrelated to the needs of clinicians, administrators, committee members and politicians. It can be brought together to provide bases for de cisions and, more important, to show the gaps that exist and the need for more information. What does it contain? It includes social and demographic data, NHS facts and figures, manpower data on the use of the NHS and some examples of how quality can be assessed and promoted.

DDDDDDDDDDDDD Effective management logically follows accurate diagnosis. Such logic often is difficult to apply in practice. Absolute diagnostic accuracy may not be possible, particularly in the field of primary care, when management has to be on analysis of symptoms and on knowledge of the individual patient and family. This series follows that on Problems in Practice which was concerned more with diagnosis in the widest sense and this series deals more definitively with general care and specific treatment of symptoms and diseases. Good management must include knowledge of the nature, course and outcome of the conditions, as well as prominent clinical features and assessment and investigations, but the emphasis is on what to do best for the patient. Family medical practitioners have particular difficulties and advantages in their work. Because they often work in professional isolation in the community and deal with relatively small numbers of near-normal patients their experience with the more serious and more rare conditions is restricted. They find it difficult to remain up-to-date with medical advances and even more difficult to decide on the suitability and application of new and relatively untried methods compared with those that are 'old' and well proven. Their ad vantages are that because of long -term continuous care for their patients they have come to know them and their families well and are able to become familiar with the more common and less serious diseases of their communities.