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Current conditions in Somalia create difficult challenges for the
United States. To address ungoverned spaces in the failed state of
Somalia, the United States appears to seek multilateral solutions
to piracy in the Gulf of Aden, and displays an unwillingness to
militarily intervene in Somalia. The United States currently relies
on a neo-liberal strategy of limited coalition, international
organization, and multilateral agreements to combat piracy of the
coast of Somalia, support political development of the Transitional
Federal Government of Somalia, and mitigate the effects of famine.
Increasingly piracy, famine, and fragile governance plague an
already unstable region. Catastrophic conditions exist for the
continued exportation of failed state symptoms to Kenya and
Ethiopia. US foreign policy and international actions in and around
Somalia are too weak to change the current trends of failure.
International actors provide critical assistance in funds and food
that, no doubt, help reduce suffering. Yet, nothing seems to put an
end to the reoccurring theme of crisis and instability. Seth Kaplan
and Bronwyn Bruton, both experts on Somalia, agree that United
States policy must change; however, they differ upon the
application of new policy. Kaplan offers an intrusive and
comprehensive nation building approach while Bruton recommends a
policy of constructive disengagement. The purpose of this essay is
to determine if US national interest intersect with the situation
in Somalia enough to warrant a change in American foreign policy.
Realism and liberalism provide useful tools for examining state
actions in the international system. Theories and authors assist
policy makers by providing tools for thought and action. Regardless
of the tools, Somalia continues to prove a difficult problem. It is
the hypothesis of this essay that the United States should
constructively disengage from Somalia, while providing a roadmap
for international recognition for Somaliland, and simul
The step-dancing of the Scotch Gaels in Nova Scotia is the last
living example of a form of dance that waned following the great
emigrations to Canada that ended in 1845. The Scotch Gael has been
reported as loving dance, but step-dancing in Scotland had all but
disappeared by 1945. One must look to Gaelic Nova Scotia, Cape
Breton, and Antigonish County, to find this tradition. Gaelic Cape
Breton Step-Dancing, the first study of its kind, gives this art
form and the people and culture associated with it the prominence
they have long deserved. Gaelic Scotland's cultural record is by
and large pre-literate, and references to dance have had to be
sought in Gaelic songs, many of which were transcribed on paper by
those who knew their culture might be lost with the decline of
their language. The improved Scottish culture depended proudly on
the teaching of dancing and the literate learning and transmission
of music in accompaniment. Relying on fieldwork in Nova Scotia, and
on mentions of dance in Gaelic song and verse in Scotland and Nova
Scotia, John Gibson traces the historical roots of step-dancing,
particularly the older forms of dancing originating in the
Gaelic-speaking Scottish Highlands. He also places the current
tradition as a development and part of the much larger British and
European percussive dance tradition. With insight collected through
written sources, tales, songs, manuscripts, book references,
interviews, and conversations, Gaelic Cape Breton Step-Dancing
brings an important aspect of Gaelic history to the forefront of
cultural debate.
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