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When English naturalist Joseph Banks (1743-1820) accompanied
Captain James Cook (1728-1779) on his historic mission into the
Pacific, the Endeavour voyage of 1768-71, he took with him a team
of collectors and illustrators. Banks and his team returned from
the voyage with unprecedented collections of artefacts and
specimens of stunning birds, fish and other animals as well as
thousands of plants, most seen for the first time in Europe. They
produced, too, remarkable landscape and figure drawings of the
peoples encountered on the voyage along with detailed journals and
descriptions of the places visited, which, with the first detailed
maps of these lands (Tahiti, New Zealand and the East Coast of
Australia), were afterwards used to create lavishly illustrated
accounts of the mission. These caused a storm of interest in Europe
where plays, poems and satirical caricatures were also produced to
celebrate and examine the voyage, its personnel and many 'new'
discoveries. Along with contemporary portraits of key personalities
aboard the ship, scale models and plans of the ship itself,
scientific instruments taken on the voyage, commemorative medals
and sketches, the objects (over 140) featured in this new book will
tell the story of the Endeavour voyage and its impact ahead of the
250th anniversary in 2018 of the launch of this seminal mission.
Artwork made both during and after the voyage will be seen
alongside actual specimens. And by comparing the voyage originals
with the often stylized engravings later produced in London for the
official account, the book will investigate how knowledge gained on
the mission was gathered, revised and later received in Europe.
Items separated in some cases for more than two centuries will be
brought together to reveal their fascinating history not only
during but since that mission. Original voyage specimens will
feature together with illustrations and descriptions of them,
showing a rich diversity of newly discovered species and how Banks
organized this material, planning but ultimately failing to publish
it. In fact, many of the objects in the book have never been
published before. The book will focus on the contribution of
Banks's often neglected artists Sydney Parkinson, Herman Diedrich
Spoering, Alexander Buchan as well as the priest and Pacific
voyager Tupaia, who joined Endeavour in the Society Islands, none
of whom survived the mission. These men illustrated island scenes
of bays, dwellings, canoes as well as the dress, faces and
possessions of Pacific peoples. Burial ceremonies, important
religious sites and historic encounters were all depicted. Of
particular interest, and only recently recognised as by him, are
the original artworks of Tupaia, who produced as part of this
mission the first charts and illustrations on paper by any
Polynesian. The surviving Endeavour voyage illustrations are the
most important body of images produced since Europeans entered this
region, matching the truly historic value of the plant specimens
and artefacts that will be seen alongside them.
How did the concept of the secular state emerge and evolve in
Australia and how has it impacted on its institutions? This is the
most comprehensive study to date on the relationship between
religion and the state in Australian history, focusing on the
meaning of political secularity in a society that was from the
beginning marked by a high degree of religious plurality. This book
tracks the rise and fall of the established Church of England, the
transition to plural establishments, the struggle for a public
Christian-secular education system, and the eventual separation of
church and state throughout the colonies. The study is unique in
that it does not restrict its concern with religion to the churches
but also examines how religious concepts and ideals infused
apparently secular political and social thought and movements
making the case that much Australian thought and institution
building has had a sacral-secular quality. Social welfare reform,
nationalism, and emerging conceptions of citizenship and
civilization were heavily influenced by religious ideals, rendering
problematic traditional linear narratives of secularisation as the
decline of religion. Finally the book considers present day
pluralist Australia and new understandings of state secularity in
light of massive social changes over recent generations.
How did the concept of the secular state emerge and evolve in
Australia and how has it impacted on its institutions? This is the
most comprehensive study to date on the relationship between
religion and the state in Australian history, focusing on the
meaning of political secularity in a society that was from the
beginning marked by a high degree of religious plurality. This book
tracks the rise and fall of the established Church of England, the
transition to plural establishments, the struggle for a public
Christian-secular education system, and the eventual separation of
church and state throughout the colonies. The study is unique in
that it does not restrict its concern with religion to the churches
but also examines how religious concepts and ideals infused
apparently secular political and social thought and movements
making the case that much Australian thought and institution
building has had a sacral-secular quality. Social welfare reform,
nationalism, and emerging conceptions of citizenship and
civilization were heavily influenced by religious ideals, rendering
problematic traditional linear narratives of secularisation as the
decline of religion. Finally the book considers present day
pluralist Australia and new understandings of state secularity in
light of massive social changes over recent generations.
This book seeks to illustrate the interconnections of science and
philosophy with religion and politics in the early modern period by
focusing on the institutional dynamics of the university. Much of
the work is devoted to one key university- that of Cambridge- and
examines the major issues of the institutional setting of Newton's
work, the religious and political circumstances that favoured its
dissemination, and the way in which it was dealt with in the
curriculum. But the author also seeks to place the problem of the
role of science in the early modern university in a larger,
European context. To do so, he includes a close prosopographical
analysis of the scientific community from the mid-15th TO the end
of the 18th century, and discusses the complex relations between
the universities and the Enlightenment.
Was it coincidence that the modern state and modern science arose
at the same time? This overview of the relations of science and
state from the Scientific Revolution to World War II explores this
issue, synthesising a range of approaches from history and
political theory. John Gascoigne argues the case for an ongoing
mutual dependence of the state and science in ways which have
promoted the consolidation of both. Drawing on a wide body of
scholarship, he shows how the changing functions of the state have
brought a wider engagement with science, while the possibilities
that science make available have increased the authority of the
state along with its prowess in war. At the end of World War II,
the alliance between science and state was securely established
and, Gascoigne argues, is still firmly embodied in the post-war
world.
This book attempts to defend the use of the term ‘English Enlightenment’ by using late seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Cambridge as an illustration of the widespread diffusion of some of the chief characteristics of the Enlightenment within the Church of England and the English ‘Establishment’ more generally. It also seeks to provide a social context for the dissemination of such ideas by indicating how the political and ecclesiastical consequences of such events as the Restoration, the Glorious Revolution and the French Revolution helped either to facilitate or to impede that linkage between Anglicanism and science which is sometimes referred to as ‘the holy alliance’. In summary, the book argues that in the period 1660–88 there was little political or ecclesiastical encouragement for such an alliance while the period 1688–1760 was, by contrast, its heyday.
Joseph Banks is one of the most significant figures of the English
Enlightenment. This book places his work in promoting 'imperial
science', in the context of the consolidation of the British State
during a time of extraordinary upheaval. The American, French and
Industrial Revolutions unleashed intense and dramatic change,
placing growing pressure on the British state and increasing its
need for expert advice on scientific matters. This was largely
provided by Banks, who used his personal networks and systems of
patronage to integrate scientific concerns with the complex
machinery of government. In this book, originally published in
1998, Gascoigne skilfully draws out the rich detail of Banks' life
within the broader political framework, and shows how imperial
concerns prompted interest in the possible uses of science for
economic and strategic gain. This is an important examination of
the British State during a time of change and upheaval.
Captain James Cook was a supreme navigator and explorer. Gascoigne
details what happened in Cook's voyages when he came across peoples
with hugely different systems of thought, belief and culture.Born
in North Yorkshire in 1728, when Cook entered the world of the
peoples of the South Pacific, the gulf between the two cultures was
not nearly as vast as it was a century later, when ships made of
metal and powered by steam were able to expand and enforce European
Empires.In their different ways both the English and the peoples of
the Pacific had to battle the seas and its moods with timber
vessels powered by sail and human muscle. Captain James Cook
represented - in those places to which he voyaged - English
attitudes in the eighteenth century. In his voyages he came across
peoples with hugely different systems of thought and cultures. John
Gascoigne explores what happened when the two systems met, and how
each side interpreted the other in terms of their own beliefs and
experiences.
Taking as its focus the wide-ranging character of the
Enlightenment, both in geographical and intellectual terms, this
second collection of articles by John Gascoigne explores this
movement's filiation and influence in a range of contexts. In
contrast to some recently influential views it emphasises the
evolutionary rather than the revolutionary character of the
Enlightenment and its ability to change society by adaptation
rather than demolition. This it does by reference, firstly, to
developments in Britain tracing the changing views of history in
relation to the Biblical account, the ideological uses of science
(and particularly the work of Newton) and their connections to
developments in moral philosophy and the teaching of science and
philosophy in response to Enlightenment modes of thought. The
collection then turns to the wider global setting of the
Enlightenment and the way in which that movement served to provide
a justification for European exploration and expansion,
developments which found one of their most potent embodiments in
the diverse uses of mapping. The collection concludes with an
exploration of the interplay between the experience of Pacific
contact and the currents of thought which characterised the
Enlightenment in Germany.
This book surveys some of the key intellectual influences in the
formation of Australian society by emphasising the impact of the
Enlightenment with its commitment to rational enquiry and progress
- attitudes which owed much to the successes of the Scientific
Revolution. The first part of the book analyses the political and
religious background of the period from the First Fleet (1788) to
the mid nineteenth century. The second demonstrates the
pervasiveness of ideas of improvement - a form of the idea of
progress - originally derived from agriculture, but which were to
shape attitudes to human nature in fields as diverse as education,
penal discipline and race relations. Throughout, the book
highlights the extent to which developments in Australia can be
compared and contrasted with those in Britain and in the USA.
Joseph Banks's name is attached to various plant species around the
world; he was President of the Royal Society, a Privy Councillor
and adviser to the English government on a range of scientific and
imperial issues. He was a driving force in the establishment of a
penal colony at Botany Bay. Yet there are few monuments to him, and
while he has been the subject of a number of biographies, these
have been focused on his personal career rather than his relations
to some of the movements of the period. This book places the work
of Joseph Banks in the context of the Enlightenment. Banks's
relation to major scientific and cultural currents in late
eighteenth and early nineteenth-century British society is explored
through a number of thematic chapters. These deal with the cultural
ideal of the 'virtuoso' and the pursuit of natural history and
anthropology, the practice of 'improvement' and the forces which
contributed to the waning of the Enlightenment in England.
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Nadine Gordimer
Paperback
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R398
R330
Discovery Miles 3 300
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