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This second edition textbook offers an expanded conceptual
synthesis of microbial ecology with plant and animal ecology.
Drawing on examples from the biology of microorganisms and
macroorganisms, this textbook provides a much-needed
interdisciplinary approach to ecology. The focus is the individual
organism and comparisons are made along six axes: genetic
variation, nutritional mode, size, growth, life cycle, and
influence of the environment. When it was published in 1991, the
first edition of Comparative Ecology of Microorganisms and
Macroorganisms was unique in its attempt to clearly compare
fundamental ecology across the gamut of size. The explosion of
molecular biology and the application of its techniques to
microbiology and organismal biology have particularly demonstrated
the need for interdisciplinary understanding. This updated and
expanded edition remains unique. It treats the same topics at
greater depth and includes an exhaustive compilation of both the
most recent relevant literature in microbial ecology and
plant/animal ecology, as well as the early research papers that
shaped the concepts and theories discussed. Among the completely
updated topics in the book are phylogenetic systematics, search
algorithms and optimal foraging theory, comparative metabolism, the
origins of life and evolution of multicellularity, and the
evolution of life cycles. From Reviews of the First Edition: "John
Andrews has succeeded admirably in building a bridge that is
accessible to all ecologists." -Ecology "I recommend this book to
all ecologists. It is a thoughtful attempt to integrate ideas from,
and develop common themes for, two fields of ecology that should
not have become fragmented." -American Scientist "Such a synthesis
is long past due, and it is shameful that ecologists (both big and
little) have been so parochial." -The Quarterly Review of Biology
This second edition textbook offers an expanded conceptual
synthesis of microbial ecology with plant and animal ecology.
Drawing on examples from the biology of microorganisms and
macroorganisms, this textbook provides a much-needed
interdisciplinary approach to ecology. The focus is the individual
organism and comparisons are made along six axes: genetic
variation, nutritional mode, size, growth, life cycle, and
influence of the environment. When it was published in 1991, the
first edition of Comparative Ecology of Microorganisms and
Macroorganisms was unique in its attempt to clearly compare
fundamental ecology across the gamut of size. The explosion of
molecular biology and the application of its techniques to
microbiology and organismal biology have particularly demonstrated
the need for interdisciplinary understanding. This updated and
expanded edition remains unique. It treats the same topics at
greater depth and includes an exhaustive compilation of both the
most recent relevant literature in microbial ecology and
plant/animal ecology, as well as the early research papers that
shaped the concepts and theories discussed. Among the completely
updated topics in the book are phylogenetic systematics, search
algorithms and optimal foraging theory, comparative metabolism, the
origins of life and evolution of multicellularity, and the
evolution of life cycles. From Reviews of the First Edition: "John
Andrews has succeeded admirably in building a bridge that is
accessible to all ecologists." -Ecology "I recommend this book to
all ecologists. It is a thoughtful attempt to integrate ideas from,
and develop common themes for, two fields of ecology that should
not have become fragmented." -American Scientist "Such a synthesis
is long past due, and it is shameful that ecologists (both big and
little) have been so parochial." -The Quarterly Review of Biology
The most important feature of the modern synthetic theory of
evolution is its foundation upon a great variety of biological
disciplines. -G. L. STEBBINS, 1968, p. 17 This book is written with
the goal of presenting ecologically significant anal ogies between
the biology of microorganisms and macroorganisms. I consider such
parallels to be important for two reasons. First, they serve to
emphasize that however diverse life may be, there are common themes
at the ecological level (not to mention other levels). Second,
research done with either microbes or macroorganisms has
implications which transcend a particular field of study. Although
both points may appear obvious, the fact remains that at tempts to
forge a conceptual synthesiS are astonishingly meager. While unify
ing concepts may not necessarily be strictly correct, they enable
one to draw analogies across disciplines. New starting points are
discovered as a conse quence, and new ways of looking at things
emerge. The macroscopic organisms ('macroorganisms') include most
represen tatives of the plant and animal kingdoms. I interpret the
term 'microorganism' (microbe) literally to mean the small or
microscopic forms of life, and I include in this category the
bacteria, the protists (excluding the macroscopic green, brown, and
red algae), and the fungi. Certain higher organisms, such as many
of the nematodes, fall logically within this realm, but are not
discussed at any length."
This book is based on symposium addresses given at the 5th
International Symposium on the Microbiology of the Phyllosphere,
held in Madison, Wisconsin, from 31 July to 3 August 1990. The
conference brought together about 100 scientists with diverse
interests pertinent to the study of leaves and microbes, including
bacteriology, mycology, medical microbiology, ecology, plant
pathology, physiology, anatomy, molecular biology, statis- tics,
aerobiology, and meteorology. What has been learned since the first
conference of the series was convened in 1979 at
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, by T. F. Preece and C. H. Dickinson?
Introductory remarks by N. J. Fokkema (Chapter 1) provide the pers-
pective of a plant pathologist about how the discipline has evolved
and where we stand now more than 30 years after the pioneering
Dutch scien- tist J. Ruinen described the phyllosphere as an
"ecologically neglected mili* eu. " The first major section of the
book, Part 2, "The Habitat," is comprised of five chapters and
considers leaf-microbe relationships in an aerial and an aquatic
setting. B. E. Juniper (Chapter 2) sets the stage by reviewing the
physical and chemical features of leaves that may influence
microbial growth. Aerial movement of microbes to and from leaves is
considered by D. E. Pedgley (Chapter 3). The aquatic analog to air
as a medium is assessed by R. Goulder and J. H. Baker (Chapter 4).
Leaf surface features that influ- ence fungal infection are
discussed by E. A. Allen, H. C. Hoch, J. R.
The twenty-first volume in the series focuses on plant pathology
and is the first to integrate Advances in Plant Pathology into
Advances in Botanical Research. The articles represented strive
both to draw insights from relevant biological disciplines into the
realm of plant pathology and to reveal the general principles of
plant pathology to the broad audience of biologists, including
undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers and
teachers.
Kombrink and Somssich address how plant pathogens communicate at
the genetic and biochemical level in determining resistance or
susceptibility. This general theme is continued in articles on the
nature of fungal wilt diseases (Beckman and Roberts); plant virus
infection (de Zoeten); and the gene-for-gene interactions between
plants and fungi (de Wit). Ehrlich takes up the timely issue of how
pressure to expand and intensify agriculture is influencing
agroecosystems and natural ecosystems on a global scale. The
current status and future prospects of chestnuts, in health and
disease, is considered by Anagnostakis. In an article on
phytoplasmas, Kirkpatrick and Smart review the recent application
of molecular techniques to the inference of taxonomic and
phylogenetic relationships among mycoplasma-like organisms. To
conclude the volume, Savary and colleagues show how a form of
systems analysis can be used to handle large and complex data sets
in epidemology.
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