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Since the development of natural philosophy in Ancient Greece,
scientists have been concerned with determining the nature of
matter's smallest constituents and the interactions among them.
This textbook examines the question of the microscopic composition
of matter through an accessible introduction to what is now called
'The Physics of Elementary Particles'. In the last few decades,
elementary particle physics has undergone a period of transition,
culminating in the formulation of a new theoretical scheme, known
as 'The Standard Model', which has profoundly changed our
understanding of nature's fundamental forces. Rooted in the
experimental tradition, this new vision is based on geometry and
sees the composition of matter in terms of its accordance with
certain geometrical principles. This textbook presents and explains
this modern viewpoint to a readership of well-motivated
undergraduate students, by guiding the reader from the basics to
the more advanced concepts of Gauge Symmetry, Quantum Field Theory
and the phenomenon of spontaneous symmetry breaking through
concrete physical examples. This engaging introduction to the
theoretical advances and experimental discoveries of the last
decades makes this fascinating subject accessible to undergraduate
students and aims at motivating them to study it further.
The History of Reason in the Age of Madness revolves around three
axes: the Foucauldian critical-historical method, its relationship
with enlightenment critique, and the way this critique is
implemented in Foucault's seminal work, History of Madness.
Foucault's exploration of the origins of psychiatry applies his own
theories of power, truth and reason and draws on Kant's philosophy,
shedding new light on the way we perceive the birth and development
of psychiatric practice. Following Foucault's adoption of 'limit
attitude', which investigates the limits of our thinking as points
of disruption and renewal of established frames of reference, this
book dispels the widely accepted belief that psychiatry represents
the triumph of rationalism by somehow conquering madness and
turning it into an object of neutral, scientific perception. It
examines the birth of psychiatry in its full complexity: in the
late eighteenth century, doctors were not simply rationalists but
also alienists, philosophers of finitude who recognized madness as
an experience at the limits of reason, introducing a discourse
which conditioned the formation of psychiatry as a type of medical
activity. Since that event, the same type of recognition, the same
anthropological confrontation with madness has persisted beneath
the calm development of psychiatric rationality, undermining the
supposed linearity, absolute authority and steady progress of
psychiatric positivism. Iliopoulos argues that Foucault's critique
foregrounds this anthropological problematic as indispensable for
psychiatry, encouraging psychiatrists to become aware of the
epistemological limitations of their practice, and also to review
the ethical and political issues which madness introduces into the
apparent neutrality of current psychiatric discourse.
The History of Reason in the Age of Madness revolves around three
axes: the Foucauldian critical-historical method, its relationship
with enlightenment critique, and the way this critique is
implemented in Foucault's seminal work, History of Madness.
Foucault's exploration of the origins of psychiatry applies his own
theories of power, truth and reason and draws on Kant's philosophy,
shedding new light on the way we perceive the birth and development
of psychiatric practice. Following Foucault's adoption of 'limit
attitude', which investigates the limits of our thinking as points
of disruption and renewal of established frames of reference, this
book dispels the widely accepted belief that psychiatry represents
the triumph of rationalism by somehow conquering madness and
turning it into an object of neutral, scientific perception. It
examines the birth of psychiatry in its full complexity: in the
late eighteenth century, doctors were not simply rationalists but
also alienists, philosophers of finitude who recognized madness as
an experience at the limits of reason, introducing a discourse
which conditioned the formation of psychiatry as a type of medical
activity. Since that event, the same type of recognition, the same
anthropological confrontation with madness has persisted beneath
the calm development of psychiatric rationality, undermining the
supposed linearity, absolute authority and steady progress of
psychiatric positivism. Iliopoulos argues that Foucault's critique
foregrounds this anthropological problematic as indispensable for
psychiatry, encouraging psychiatrists to become aware of the
epistemological limitations of their practice, and also to review
the ethical and political issues which madness introduces into the
apparent neutrality of current psychiatric discourse.
The discovery of a new elementary particle at the Large Hadron
Collider at CERN in 2012 made headlines in world media. Since we
already know of a large number of elementary particles, why did
this latest discovery generate so much excitement? This small book
reveals that this particle provides the key to understanding one of
the most extraordinary phenomena which occurred in the early
Universe. It introduces the mechanism that made possible, within
tiny fractions of a second after the Big Bang, the generation of
massive particles. The Origin of Mass is a guided tour of cosmic
evolution, from the Big Bang to the elementary particles we study
in our accelerators today. The guiding principle of this book is a
concept of symmetry which, in a profound and fascinating way, seems
to determine the structure of the Universe.
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