There have been many important advances in our understanding of biological membrane structure and function over the last decade. Much of this progress has been driven by the development of new techniques for studying membrane components and their interactions. Tradition ally, the investigation of membranes has largely occurred within the domains of biochemistry, physical chemistry, and cell biology; but many of the most significant advances have resulted from an expansion into other disciplines, such as molecular biology, immunology, and the clinical sciences. In these two volumes we have attempted to bring together some of these techniques-to combine the old and the new. Biomembrane Protocols: II. Architecture and Function is concerned exclusively with the architecture and activities of membranes, whereas the companion volume, Biomembrane Protocols: I. Isolation and Analysis, deals with their isolation and compositional analysis. The aim of each chapter is to provide detailed technical and meth odological information that will allow the reader to perform the tech nique successfully, without the need to consult other texts. Detailed reviews of membrane structure and function are not included, except where they are relevant to the choice or efficacy of a particular proce dure. In addition to Materials and Methods sections, each chapter has a Notes section that explains the reasons for taking certain steps and pro vides practical tips for applying the techniques to other systems.

Expert practitioners combine the traditional basic techniques of membrane isolation and analysis with modern advances in molecular biology, immunology, and clinical sciences to devise analytical techniques that are successful for expert and novice alike. The techniques are used in the isolation and compositional analysis of membranes and address animal, plant, and microbial cells. The topics covered in this first volume include the isolation of subcellular fractions, centrifugation, the extraction and quantitation of lipids, the separation and analysis of proteins, and the isolation and characterization of glycosylated molecules, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycolipids.

In recent years there has been increasing sub-specialization and a rapid expansion of the range of therapies available to pediatric ENT specialists. This concise, up-to-date textbook deals comprehensively with all the practical and theoretical aspects necessary for those taking exams or wishing to up-date their knowledge. It is divided into sections covering rhinology, otology and head and neck problems. The uniformly structured chapters cover all relevant topics comprehensively and succinctly. The authors are from Europe and the US and are internationally renowned experts in their fields. This useful and reader-friendly textbook will not only be inspirational to young specialists with an interest in pediatric ENT, but also to those who are due to take their final exams as well as for established specialists in the field.