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Modern Earth System Monitoring represents a fundamental change in
the way scientists study the Earth System. In Oceanography, for the
past two centuries, ships have provided the platforms for
observing. Expeditions on the continents and Earth's poles are
land-based analogues. Fundamental understanding of current systems,
climate, natural hazards, and ecosystems has been greatly advanced.
While these approaches have been remarkably successful, the need to
establish measurements over time can only be made using Earth
observations and observatories with exacting standards and
continuous data. The 19 peer-reviewed contributions in this volume
provide early insights into this emerging view of Earth in both
space and time in which change is a critical component of our
growing understanding.
Modern Earth System Monitoring represents a fundamental change in
the way scientists study the Earth System. In Oceanography, for the
past two centuries, ships have provided the platforms for
observing. Expeditions on the continents and Earth's poles are
land-based analogues. Fundamental understanding of current systems,
climate, natural hazards, and ecosystems has been greatly advanced.
While these approaches have been remarkably successful, the need to
establish measurements over time can only be made using Earth
observations and observatories with exacting standards and
continuous data. The 19 peer-reviewed contributions in this volume
provide early insights into this emerging view of Earth in both
space and time in which change is a critical component of our
growing understanding.
In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear
explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a
global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring
stations distributed around the globe, a data communications
network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site
inspections, to verify compliance. A global hydroacoustic
monitoring system is being planned and implemented for verification
of the CTBT. Much of the research conducted over the past several
decades on acoustic surveillance of the oceans, formerly driven by
the need to detect and track submarines, is now being applied to
the development of effective monitoring methods to verify
compliance with the CTBT. The aim of this volume on Hydroacoustic
Monitoring of the CTBT is to summarize the research being conducted
in this field and to provide basic references for future research.
Much of the new research emphasizes major advances in understanding
the coupling of ocean acoustic waves with elastic waves in the
solid Earth. Topics covered include source excitation, detection
and classification of events generating hydroacoustic signals,
discrimination between underwater explosions and naturally
occurring events, as well as topics in coupling of acoustic to
seismic wavefields.
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