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The technological means now exists for approaching the
fundamentallimiting scales of solid state electronics in which a
single carrier can, in principle, represent a single bit in an
information flow. In this light, the prospect of chemically, or
biologically, engineered molccular-scale structures which might
support information processing functions has enticed workers for
many years. The one common factor in all suggested molecular
switches, ranging from the experimentally feasible proton-tunneling
structure, to natural systems such as the micro-tubule, is that
each proposed structure deals with individual information carrying
entities. Whereas this future molecular electronics faces enormous
technical challenges, the same Iimit is already appearing in
existing semiconducting quantum wires and small tunneling
structures, both superconducting and normal meta! devices, in which
the motion of a single eh arge through the tunneling barrier can
produce a sufficient voltage change to cut-off further tunneling
current. We may compare the above situation with today's Si
microelectronics, where each bit is encoded as a very !arge number,
not necessarily fixed, of electrons within acharge pulse. The
associated reservoirs and sinks of charge carriers may be
profitably tapped and manipulated to proviele macro-currents which
can be readily amplified or curtailed. On the other band, modern
semiconductor ULSI has progressed by adopting a linear scaling
principle to the down-sizing of individual semiconductor devices.
The technological means now exists for approaching the
fundamentallimiting scales of solid state electronics in which a
single carrier can, in principle, represent a single bit in an
information flow. In this light, the prospect of chemically, or
biologically, engineered molccular-scale structures which might
support information processing functions has enticed workers for
many years. The one common factor in all suggested molecular
switches, ranging from the experimentally feasible proton-tunneling
structure, to natural systems such as the micro-tubule, is that
each proposed structure deals with individual information carrying
entities. Whereas this future molecular electronics faces enormous
technical challenges, the same Iimit is already appearing in
existing semiconducting quantum wires and small tunneling
structures, both superconducting and normal meta! devices, in which
the motion of a single eh arge through the tunneling barrier can
produce a sufficient voltage change to cut-off further tunneling
current. We may compare the above situation with today's Si
microelectronics, where each bit is encoded as a very !arge number,
not necessarily fixed, of electrons within acharge pulse. The
associated reservoirs and sinks of charge carriers may be
profitably tapped and manipulated to proviele macro-currents which
can be readily amplified or curtailed. On the other band, modern
semiconductor ULSI has progressed by adopting a linear scaling
principle to the down-sizing of individual semiconductor devices.
Since the 1980s, the language used around market-based government
has muddied its meaning and polarized its proponents and critics,
making the topic politicized and controversial. Competition,
Choice, and Incentives in Government Programs hopes to reframe
competing views of market-based government so it is seen not as an
ideology but rather as a fact-based set of approaches for managing
government services and programs more efficiently and effectively.
Published in cooperation with IBM.
Biblical Foundations of Spirituality invites readers to "touch a
finger to the flame" of the Bible by offering guidance on what,
how, and why to read Scripture as a source of spiritual
nourishment. The second edition builds on Barbara Bowe's acclaimed
book with two new chapters by Laurie Brink and John R. Barker
introducing key theological concepts and exploring how biblical
spirituality was first experienced and expressed in early Christian
communities. The book begins by exploring the many meanings of the
word "spirituality," then leads readers through the Bible-from
Genesis to Revelation-to develop a biblically based spirituality
that can serve as a compass in the challenges of life. Updated to
reference the latest scholarship, this book helps make the Bible
more accessible and shows how it can be relevant to life today. The
book stresses the spiritual dimension of biblical figures' search
for God and shows how their insights about God-from successes to
dead ends-can reflect our contemporary searching and struggles.
Biblical Foundations of Spirituality reveals the spiritual wisdom
of the Bible, connecting it with everyday life and spirituality.
With a chronology, reflection questions, a glossary, and updated
notes and bibliography, as well as two new chapters, the second
edition of Biblical Foundations of Spirituality is ideal for
classroom, parish, or individual reading.
The human race has altered the chemical composition of the
atmosphere, as evidenced by the notorious London smog,
photochemical air pollution, acid rain, stratospheric ozone
depletion, and elevated greenhouse gas concentrations. The aim of
this book series is to present invited summaries of important
current research on atmospheric chemistry in a changing world. The
summaries range from comprehensive scholarly reviews of major
subject areas to more narrowly focused accounts of recent advances
by individual research groups. The topics are tied to the important
societal issues of air quality, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid
deposition, the environmental fate of toxics, and climate change.
By gathering these new Advances in one series, we aim to catalyze
communication among the many researchers who are studying our
changing, contemporary atmosphere.
Biblical Foundations of Spirituality invites readers to "touch a
finger to the flame" of the Bible by offering guidance on what,
how, and why to read Scripture as a source of spiritual
nourishment. The second edition builds on Barbara Bowe's acclaimed
book with two new chapters by Laurie Brink and John R. Barker
introducing key theological concepts and exploring how biblical
spirituality was first experienced and expressed in early Christian
communities. The book begins by exploring the many meanings of the
word "spirituality," then leads readers through the Bible-from
Genesis to Revelation-to develop a biblically based spirituality
that can serve as a compass in the challenges of life. Updated to
reference the latest scholarship, this book helps make the Bible
more accessible and shows how it can be relevant to life today. The
book stresses the spiritual dimension of biblical figures' search
for God and shows how their insights about God-from successes to
dead ends-can reflect our contemporary searching and struggles.
Biblical Foundations of Spirituality reveals the spiritual wisdom
of the Bible, connecting it with everyday life and spirituality.
With a chronology, reflection questions, a glossary, and updated
notes and bibliography, as well as two new chapters, the second
edition of Biblical Foundations of Spirituality is ideal for
classroom, parish, or individual reading.
This series presents authoritative invited summaries of research on
atmospheric chemistry in a changing world. These range from
comprehensive reviews of major subject areas to focused accounts by
individual research groups. The topics may include laboratory
studies, field measurements, in situ monitoring and remote sensing,
studies of composition, chemical modeling, theories of atmospheric
chemistry and climate, feedback mechanisms, emissions and
deposition, biogeochemical cycles, and the links between
atmospheric chemistry and the climate system at large.Volume 2
comprises chapters describing research on multiphase chemistry
affecting air quality in China, on multiphase chemistry of organic
compounds leading to secondary organic aerosol formation, on
biogeochemical cycles involving ammonia, on oxidation of aromatic
compounds, on reactions of Criegee intermediates (important in
oxidation of alkenes), and on laboratory and field measurements of
isotopic fractionation in the atmosphere.
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