This volume is a record of the Workshop on User Interface Management Systems and Environments held at INESC, Lisbon, Portugal, between 4 and 6 June 1990. The main impetus for the workshop came from the Graphics and Interaction in ESPRIT Technical Interest Group of the European Community ESPRIT Programme. The Graphics and Interac tion in ESPRIT Technical Interest Group arose from a meeting of researchers held in Brussels in May 1988, which identified a number of technical areas of common interest across a significant number of ESPRIT I and ESPRIT II projects. It was recognized that there was a need to share information on such activities between projects, to disseminate results from the projects to the world at large, and for projects to be aware of related activities elsewhere in the world. The need for a Technical Interest Group was confirmed at a meeting held during ESPRIT Technical Week in November 1989, attended by over 50 representatives from ESPRIT projects and the Commission of the European Communities. Information exchange sessions were organized during the EUROGRAPHICS '89 confer ence, with the intention of disseminating information from ESPRIT projects to the wider research and development community, both in Europe and beyond.

Action C21 of the European programme for Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research (COST - http: //www.cost.esf.org/) is dedicated to investigating urban ontologies for an improved communication in urban civil engineering projects. The Action, known informally as "Towntology," brings together a large and heterogeneous grouping from across Europe, whose interests range from construction to urban tourism and from transport infrastructure to resource visualisation. On 6-7 November 2006, in Geneva, the Action convened a successful workshop to address emerging issues in the field. This volume presents the contributions to that workshop, in many cases revised afterwards to capture some of the outcomes of discussion.

Many of these contributions are from members of the Towntology group, but there are also contributions from other European researchers, and from researchers in the US. The volume represents a valuable overview of major current issues in the field of urban ontologies and encapsulates many useful and different approaches. We hope that it will serve not only as a worthy outcome of Action C21, but also as a valuable resource for a wide range of researchers.

Action C21 of the European programme for Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research (COST - http: //www.cost.esf.org/) is dedicated to investigating urban ontologies for an improved communication in urban civil engineering projects. The Action, known informally as "Towntology," brings together a large and heterogeneous grouping from across Europe, whose interests range from construction to urban tourism and from transport infrastructure to resource visualisation. On 6-7 November 2006, in Geneva, the Action convened a successful workshop to address emerging issues in the field. This volume presents the contributions to that workshop, in many cases revised afterwards to capture some of the outcomes of discussion.

Many of these contributions are from members of the Towntology group, but there are also contributions from other European researchers, and from researchers in the US. The volume represents a valuable overview of major current issues in the field of urban ontologies and encapsulates many useful and different approaches. We hope that it will serve not only as a worthy outcome of Action C21, but also as a valuable resource for a wide range of researchers.

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