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This Handbook is an authoritative and invaluable reference tool,
uniquely analysing the forces governing unionism, union behaviour
and union impact from a variety of perspectives, both theoretical
and empirical. The 14 chapters are written in an accessible style
by acknowledged leading specialists from the fields of economics
and industrial relations. They offer a truly international
perspective on this important subject. This superbly comprehensive
Handbook examines the determinants of union membership, models of
union behaviour and the economics of strikes, as well as the
effects of unions on wages, pay inequality and firm performance (to
include innovation). It also analyses trade unions as political
actors and their impact on macroeconomic performance. Institutional
detail is added in specific chapters documenting recent
developments in the US and the UK, and prospects for a
Europeanization of collective bargaining. A review of union density
in more than 100 nations, is also provided. The Handbook is suited
to a range of courses and is aptly designed to meet the needs of
students - from undergraduates upwards - and academics in the
fields of economics, industrial relations, human resources
management, as well as general labour scholars.
This comprehensive set of papers charts the main developments in
contemporary labour economics, with an emphasis on issues of
measurement. Topics covered in the first volume include the effects
of adjustment costs on employment and the modeling of family choice
in labor supply. Key themes explored in the second volume include
the role of unobserved worker characteristics in obscuring the
tradeoff between wages and benefits, payment systems in
circumstances where results are verifiable and nonverifiable,
formal unemployment duration analysis, and sex biased hiring. The
third volume tackles some of the more controversial themes in
modern labour economics. The editor has provided an insightful new
introduction which gives a comprehensive overview of the themes
discussed.
Economic development has cyclical dynamics and long-term dynamics -
the latter are typically related to demographical changes,
innovation and long-term insti- tional changes in open economies.
Financial markets - that means mainly capital markets - and labor
markets are affected in OECD countries both by innovations and
institutional reforms. As regards demographics ageing is a typical
challenge on both sides of the Atlantic, and pension reforms in
industrialized countries have placed greater emphasis on capital
markets than in previous decades. Innovation dynamics certainly are
also quite important for all high wage OECD countries. The Lisbon
Agenda has put particular emphasis on more growth, higher
innovation dynamics and better exploitation of the advantages of a
digitally networked society. Traditionally, the US has a lead in
global innovations, and the US policy certainly has contributed to
the American technological leadership. There still is a per capita
income gap in favor of the US and the US labor market situation
also looks relatively favorable, but in the ?ve years since 2001
employment growth in the euro area was higher than that of the US.
The euro area is, however, a rather heterogeneous set of countries
which differ in terms of institutions, attitudes and reform
progress - and everywhere governments are aware that there have to
be reforms, not least in the context of globalization which bring a
more complex and dynamic spatial structure of value-added.
John T. Addison and Paul J. J. Welfens Because inflation seems
moribund in OECD countries, stubborn unemployment became the top
policy priority of the 1990s. Unemployment has increased in many
countries, reaching critical levels for unskilled and young workers
in most continental EU countries. Europe's employment performance
has continued to lag that in North America. The U. S. in particular
achieved a remarkable combination of low inflation and full
employment in the late 1990s, at a time when the EU suf fered from
record unemployment rates, even if inflation was remarkably low.
Since the 1980s, the consensus view among economists is that
structural unem ployment plays a much more important role than
cyc1ical unemployment in Europe, but that labour costs (wage costs
plus nonwage costs) are also part of Europe's labour market
problem. Most EU countries rely on a pay-as-you-go pub lic pension
system. Contribution rates gradually increased in the 1980s and
1990s, when the share of young workers in overall employment was
dec1ining and life expectancy increasing. Rising nonwage costs from
the pension system are but one important feature of labour markets
in Europe. Given the remarkable dynamics of labour markets, new
entry into the labour force, labour turnover, and changes in
employment characteristics, one has to also search for other
factors behind sus tained unemployment. High unemployment is
critical for EU countries, where one can point to rela tively few
positive developments after 1975. The U. K."
High unemployment rates in the period of an internationalization of
economies and an intensified technological competition are the main
problems that exist in most EU countries. Taking stock of
unemployment patterns, technological trends and employment
opportunities in the EU and the US is crucial for the reform debate
in Europe. In continental Europe, major problems are an
insufficient creation of new firms in innovative technology fields,
inadequate labor market developments and inconsistent R&D
policies. Founded on new data evaluations, the book presents an
innovative analysis of these topics and shows opportunities for
reforms.
In the new global economy, more countries have opened up to
international competition and rapid capital flows. However, in the
triad the process of globalization is rather asymmetric. With a
rising role of multinational companies there are favorable
prospects for higher global growth and economic catching-up,
respectively. Theoretical analysis suggests key ingredients of
sustained growth, but there is also a new concept of a long-term
equilibrium income gap in which convergence is rather unlikely. The
analysis also picks up European and US labor market issues in the
context of economic globalization and raises the question of which
EU policies in the field of labor market reform and of innovation
policies are adequate.
Economic development has cyclical dynamics and long-term dynamics -
the latter are typically related to demographical changes,
innovation and long-term insti- tional changes in open economies.
Financial markets - that means mainly capital markets - and labor
markets are affected in OECD countries both by innovations and
institutional reforms. As regards demographics ageing is a typical
challenge on both sides of the Atlantic, and pension reforms in
industrialized countries have placed greater emphasis on capital
markets than in previous decades. Innovation dynamics certainly are
also quite important for all high wage OECD countries. The Lisbon
Agenda has put particular emphasis on more growth, higher
innovation dynamics and better exploitation of the advantages of a
digitally networked society. Traditionally, the US has a lead in
global innovations, and the US policy certainly has contributed to
the American technological leadership. There still is a per capita
income gap in favor of the US and the US labor market situation
also looks relatively favorable, but in the ?ve years since 2001
employment growth in the euro area was higher than that of the US.
The euro area is, however, a rather heterogeneous set of countries
which differ in terms of institutions, attitudes and reform
progress - and everywhere governments are aware that there have to
be reforms, not least in the context of globalization which bring a
more complex and dynamic spatial structure of value-added.
These continue to be difficult times for the labor markets of the industrialized nations. Shifts in labor demand, deregulatory impulses, and the ongoing process of globalization have each impacted the labor markets of the United States and Europe. In the face of the globalization of economic relations and the challenge of the NICs, employment has stagnated in some member states of the EU - in sharp contrast to the United States. Even though several European countries have introduced seemingly successful labor market reforms, whether Euroland as a whole will be able to cope with heterogeneous labor market dynamics and rising immigration is an open question. This theme provides the backdrop to this book. Its main focus is on labor market rules, unemployment, and aspects of the social security system. Theory and practice receive equal attention. Options for reforming labor markets and the social security system provide the policy content.
In the new global economy, more countries have opened up to
international competition and rapid capital flows. However, in the
triad the process of globalization is rather asymmetric. With a
rising role of multinational companies there are favorable
prospects for higher global growth and economic catching-up,
respectively. Theoretical analysis suggests key ingredients of
sustained growth, but there is also a new concept of a long-term
equilibrium income gap in which convergence is rather unlikely. The
analysis also picks up European and US labor market issues in the
context of economic globalization and raises the question of which
EU policies in the field of labor market reform and of innovation
policies are adequate.
High unemployment rates in the period of an internationalization of
economies and an intensified technological competition are the main
problems that exist in most EU countries. Taking stock of
unemployment patterns, technological trends and employment
opportunities in the EU and the US is crucial for the reform debate
in Europe. In continental Europe, major problems are an
insufficient creation of new firms in innovative technology fields,
inadequate labor market developments and inconsistent R&D
policies. Founded on new data evaluations, the book presents an
innovative analysis of these topics and shows opportunities for
reforms.
This Handbook is an authoritative and invaluable reference tool,
uniquely analysing the forces governing unionism, union behaviour
and union impact from a variety of perspectives, both theoretical
and empirical. The 14 chapters are written in an accessible style
by acknowledged leading specialists from the fields of economics
and industrial relations. They offer a truly international
perspective on this important subject. This superbly comprehensive
Handbook examines the determinants of union membership, models of
union behaviour and the economics of strikes, as well as the
effects of unions on wages, pay inequality and firm performance (to
include innovation). It also analyses trade unions as political
actors and their impact on macroeconomic performance. Institutional
detail is added in specific chapters documenting recent
developments in the US and the UK, and prospects for a
Europeanization of collective bargaining. A review of union density
in more than 100 nations, is also provided. The Handbook is suited
to a range of courses and is aptly designed to meet the needs of
students - from undergraduates upwards - and academics in the
fields of economics, industrial relations, human resources
management, as well as general labour scholars.
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