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Perhaps better than any other city, Manchester illustrates the
historical relationship between the growth of science and the
growth of industry - a relationship which is topical now, as it has
been for two centuries. This introduction provides a sketch map and
some references for those who would like to explore this local and
regional history.
This book charts the history of the worldwide introduction of an operative treatment method for broken bones, osteosynthesis, by a Swiss-based association, called AO. The success of the close cooperation between the AO's surgeons, scientists and manufacturers in establishing a complicated and risky technique as a standard treatment sheds light on the mechanisms of medical innovation at the crossroads of surgery, science and industry and the nature of modern medicine in general.
In recent years a number of scholars have analyzed the management
of BSE, also known as 'mad cow disease'. The BSE crisis is regarded
by many as an example of the failure of officials and politicians
to handle risk situations. Yet, BSE is also characterized by a
unique trait, that is, the infectious agent that causes it. Thus
far, no one has paid attention to the fact that BSE and other
transmissible spongiform encephalopathy's (TSEs) are allegedly
caused by a novel agent - a prion - distinct from all other known
infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses. The prion
hypothesis was introduced by the American scientist Stanley
Prusiner in 1982. It immediately created a controversy among
scientists and is still rejected by some. Yet, despite this lack of
consensus in the scientific community, Prusiner was awarded the
Nobel Prize for medicine in 1997. This book analyzes the
introduction, reception, development and consequences of the prion
hypothesis. It shows that BSE is a unique case not only in virtue
of its political mismanagement but also because its infectious
agent has created a form of revolution in biology.
This book charts the history of the worldwide introduction of an
operative treatment method for broken bones, osteosynthesis, by a
Swiss-based association, called AO. The success of the close
cooperation between the AO's surgeons, scientists and manufacturers
in establishing a complicated and risky technique as a standard
treatment sheds light on the mechanisms of medical innovation at
the crossroads of surgery, science and industry and the nature of
modern medicine in general.
This is a discussion of the historical development of science,
technology and medicine in Western Europe and North America from
the Renaissance to the present. By linking its development to the
wider context of human society, the constant changing process of
human perception, comprehension and manipulation of the world is
revealed. Four principal ways of knowing are identified within
particular periods: natural history in the 18th century; analysis
following the French Revolution; experiment in the epoch of
modernism; and the current presence of technoscience. John
Pickstone balances the historical exposition of natural magic and
natural theology with a philosophical interpretation of the
Scientific Revolution and reflective comments on Foucault and
Collingwood.
This book in the highly respected Cambridge History of Science
series is devoted to the history of the life and earth sciences
since 1800. It provides comprehensive and authoritative surveys of
historical thinking on major developments in these areas of
science, on the social and cultural milieus in which the knowledge
was generated, and on the wider impact of the major theoretical and
practical innovations. The articles were written by acknowledged
experts who provide concise accounts of the latest historical
thinking coupled with guides to the most important recent
literature. In addition to histories of traditional sciences, the
book covers the emergence of newer disciplines such as genetics,
biochemistry, and geophysics. The interaction of scientific
techniques with their practical applications in areas such as
medicine is a major focus of the book, as is its coverage of
controversial areas such as science and religion and
environmentalism.
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