A collection of essays tackles a neglected field of Japan's history.

In the spring of 1832, when the Indian warrior Black Hawk and a thousand followers marched into Illinois to reoccupy lands earlier ceded to American settlers, the U.S. Army turned to rival tribes for military support. Elements of the Menominee, Dakota, Potawatomi, and Ho Chunk tribes willingly allied themselves with the United States government against their fellow Native Americans in an uncommon defense of their diverse interests. As the Black Hawk War came only two years after the passage of the Indian Removal Act and is widely viewed as a land grab by ravenous settlers, the military participation of these tribes seems bizarre. What explains this alliance?

In order to grasp Indian motives, John Hall explores their alliances in earlier wars with colonial powers as well as in intertribal antagonisms and conflicts. In the crisis of 1832, Indians acted as they had traditionally, leveraging their relationship with a powerful ally to strike tribal enemies, fulfill important male warrior expectations, and pursue political advantage and material gain. However, times had changed and, although the Indians achieved short-term objectives, they helped create conditions that permanently changed their world.

Providing a rare view of Indian attitudes and strategies in war and peace, Hall deepens our understanding of Native Americans and the complex roles they played in the nation s history. More broadly, he demonstrates the risks and lessons of small wars that entail an uncommon defense by unlikely allies in pursuit of diverse, even conflicting, goals.

THE SHIFT FROM EGO-CRIMINAL THOUGHTS TO RIGHT-MINDED THINKING Have you ever wondered how an Offender can ever reverse his thinking, to adopt a mental set to never violate laws again? I did too, therefore I took a Masters Course in the Masters program titled Correctional Counseling. I believed at that time that the rehabilitation of a criminal was nearly impossible. I also began attending regular meetings and studied the coursework of the book "A Course in Miracles." Initially I studied this spiritual work to improve my own personal relationships. During the same time period I was an active Deputy Probation Officer in Santa Clara County, Ca. I had a caseload of 150 Felon Offenders and was charged with both counseling them and writing recommendations of either prison or local probation. This book is a combination of all those experiences in my life, to come to the conclusion that every Offender needs to change his Mind in order not to recidivate. And I needed to tap into what factors (life history, family background, psychological, social, financial, spiritual) were the driving forces which drove him to repeat his crimes and, in most cases, to jail or prison. Each prisoner possessed belief systems which were detrimental to their progress in life. Yes, there were abuses the Offenders suffered in their younger years, including neglect by their parent. Yes, many of them were raised in religious homes. Yes, many of them dropped out of school too soon and began hanging around with delinquent kids. Yes, many came from one parent families, and yes, many homes where one or both parents were addicts. However none of those "causes" of the crimes fully explained the more vicious crimes, the heavy substance abuse, the ongoing disrespect for both males and females. Nor, I discovered, did knowing all these factors enable the professionals who reached out to them make a significant difference-to change their way of thinking. This was the great frustration for workers in the D.A.s office, Public Defenders offices, Defense attorneys, or Judges in rendering their opinion and judgements-of how to influence these Offenders in a positive way. So how do you change a person, to stop the crimes, and lead a life free from the justice system? It was a struggle for me to begin to see the errors in Offenders and begin to realize they had the power to change from within, but refused to access their power and sense of right and wrong decision-making. Finally, the inspiration of Holy Spirit who speaks in the Course in Miracles, led me to some conclusions I had never considered, namely, that a person needs to go through a purification process and eliminate fear from their thinking before Holy Spirit or Higher Power can inspire them to change. Finally, a reading of this book can help the offender to awaken to the possibility of changing ones mind, and learning to become a loving human being, whether one is in prison or on the outside. It is my hope this book will provide Offenders with some of the tools of thinking-which for many could lead to less time in custody, developing a more peaceful state while behind bars, and having healthy relationships that they were unable to establish while in fear and in ego thinking as described in the book. My prayers go out to all who read this book and may it benefit you beyond your wildest dreams Sincerely, John Hall, Author P.S. Another book will follow titled "Offenders Transformation Workbook"-a series of questions and answers, fill in the blanks, and further explanations of how transformation works. Designed for prisoners in custody, and anyone working with Offenders in the Criminal Justice arena. Excellent source book for relatives of offenders and university professors and students. JOHN W HALL, AUTHOR 916-705-6624

If you or a friend have a cancer diagnosis, this book will provide the basic information you need in order to make the best decisions in choosing possible cancer remedies. This author recovered from chronic Melanoma, studied how to heal all cancers for 3 years, and now has full health after 5 years. If your doctor tells you when you will die, don't believe him. He is admitting he doesn't know about solutions mentioned in this book. John's doctor gave up on him, saying he'd be dead within 3-6 months and admitted he had not studied nutritional remedies at all. Most doctors don't study Nutrition in Medical School. As a former pre-medical student, John studied Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, which enabled him to research the causes, preventions and possible cures for cancer. He is currently a Family Therapist in Roseville, CA, counseling the emotional and psychological issues of his clients. He also counsels cancer patients now. John has compiled many M.D. stories and patient testimonials who recovered, proving cancer can be overcome by eating correct foods, avoiding acidic foods, and by taking recommended food supplements by skilled Naturopaths. He doesn't want just symptom relief for you, he wants you to completely recover from your cancer. To do this he suggests a whole person approach, covering mind, body and spirit. He will share with you how he did it. His Holistic doctor first started him on an amino acid formula to increase his energy level, some kidney and liver supplements, antioxidant fruits and veggies, all in amounts unharmful to the body. He also provided a detoxification schedule to rid the body of toxins and dead cancer cells. John's fears were minimal from the start because he knew his doctor was confident the protocol could work successfully. In this book are many references to the best research, the best book and authors you can read, and some of the best treatment modalities given your condition. John emphasizes you must learn to be in charge of educating yourself. Don't forget to adopt a spiritual perspective which will serve your recovery well. And, above all, keep your system alkalized, not acidic, in your choice of foods. God speed in your search of what will work for you John Hall, MA, Cancer Survivor

How John Hall's book is different from others

**John was diagnosed with Melanoma Cancer IV, had surgery to remove 10 metasticized tumors, but afterwards was informed by his Oncologist M.D. that there was little or no hope for recovery-- since Chemo and Radiation Therapy do not work on Melanoma, John felt like he was facing immediate death in the next few months. However under the guidance of a Holistic Nutritionist he was able to rebuild his Immune System. As a result, 2 years later, has conquered his cancer.

**As an ex Premedical student, John had studied Inorganic and Organic Chemistry so that he has been able to do research on the causes, preventions, and possible cures for cancers.

**John is currently a Family Therapist in Roseville, Ca, and for the past 30 years has counseled the emotional and psychological issues of his clients. He now also counsels cancer patients related to their emotional and relationship [email protected]

**His major goal is to help others build up their Immune System. He believes, from experience, cancer can be cured with proper nutrition. The book cover is a microscopic image of a neutrofilswallowing the anthrax bacteria, as the best proof of EVIDENCE-BASED NUTRITION IN SCIENCETODAY(an example of how the human immune system's defenses are what prevent diseasesand cancers). Further explained in Chapter 3 of the book.

**The material he presents is brief, in summary form, and is easy to read. He makes suggestions of the best foods to eat, supplements, and healthy waters to consider.

**John learned doctors are not gods, don't have the answers to what cures cancers, and patients need to become aware that a healthy nutritional approach for their condition is a viable and doable program. He did it an won. He hopes you will too.

How John Hall's book is different from others

**John was diagnosed with Melanoma Cancer IV, had surgery to remove 10 metasticized tumors, but afterwards was informed by his Oncologist M.D. that there was little or no hope for recovery-- since Chemo and Radiation Therapy do not work on Melanoma, John felt like he was facing immediate death in the next few months. However under the guidance of a Holistic Nutritionist he was able to rebuild his Immune System. As a result, 2 years later, has conquered his cancer.

**As an ex Premedical student, John had studied Inorganic and Organic Chemistry so that he has been able to do research on the causes, preventions, and possible cures for cancers.

**John is currently a Family Therapist in Roseville, Ca, and for the past 30 years has counseled the emotional and psychological issues of his clients. He now also counsels cancer patients related to their emotional and relationship [email protected]

**His major goal is to help others build up their Immune System. He believes, from experience, cancer can be cured with proper nutrition. The book cover is a microscopic image of a neutrofilswallowing the anthrax bacteria, as the best proof of EVIDENCE-BASED NUTRITION IN SCIENCETODAY(an example of how the human immune system's defenses are what prevent diseasesand cancers). Further explained in Chapter 3 of the book.

**The material he presents is brief, in summary form, and is easy to read. He makes suggestions of the best foods to eat, supplements, and healthy waters to consider.

**John learned doctors are not gods, don't have the answers to what cures cancers, and patients need to become aware that a healthy nutritional approach for their condition is a viable and doable program. He did it an won. He hopes you will too.