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This is a study of science in Muslim society. The first volume
starts at the rise of science in the eighth century and explores
the efforts of nineteenth century Muslim thinkers and reformers to
regain the lost ethos that had given birth to the rich scientific
heritage of earlier Muslim civilization. The second volume reveals
the undermining effect of European imperialism on western-oriented
religious reformers and secular intellectuals, for whom science and
political reform went together, and concludes with a chapter on the
state of science in contemporary Muslim societies and the efforts
to institutionalize science today.
This is a study of science in Muslim society from its rise in the
8th century to the efforts of 19th-century Muslim thinkers and
reformers to regain the lost ethos that had given birth to the rich
scientific heritage of earlier Muslim civilization. The volume is
organized in four parts; the rise of science in Muslim society in
its historical setting of political and intellectual expansion; the
Muslim creative achievement and original discoveries; proponents
and opponents of science in a religiously oriented society; and
finally the complex factors that account for the end of the
500-year Muslim renaissance. The book brings together and treats in
depth, using primary and secondary sources in Arabic, Turkish and
European languages, subjects that are lightly and uncritically
brushed over in non-specialized literature, such as the question of
what can be considered to be purely original scientific advancement
in Muslim civilization over and above what was inherited from the
Greco-Syriac and Indian traditions; what was the place of science
in a religious society; and the question of the curious demise of
the Muslim scientific renaissance after centuries of creativity.
The book also interprets the history of the rise, achievement and
decline of scientific study in light of the religious temper and of
the political and socio-economic vicissitudes across Islamdom for
over a millennium and integrates the Muslim legacy with the history
of Latin/European accomplishments. It sets the stage for the next
momentous transmission of science: from the West back to the
Arabic-speaking world of Islam, from the last half of the 19th
century to the early 21st century, the subject of a second volume.
The title of this volume implies two things: the greatness of the
scientific tradition that Muslims had lost, and the power of the
West, in whose threatening shadow reformers now labored to
modernize in order to defend themselves against those very powers
they were taking as models. Copernicus and Darwin were the names
that dominated the debate on science, whose arguments and rebuttals
were published mainly in the religious and secular journals in
Cairo and Beirut from the 1870s. Analysis and interpretation of
this literature shows the hope that Arab reformers had of
duplicating the Japanese success, followed by the despair when
success was denied. A cultural malaise festered from generations of
despair, defeat and foreign occupation, and this feeling
transmogrified after 1967 to a psychosis in a significant number of
secular writers, educators and religious reformers. The great
debate on assimilating science was turned inward where defensive
mechanisms of denial spun out perversions of science: the Quran
becoming a thesaurus of science; and a more extreme derivative of
that, something called "Islamic Science," arising as an alternate
science that was to be in harmony with the Quran, Shari'a and
Muslim belief. This volume reveals the undermining effect of
European imperialism on western-oriented religious reformers and
secular intellectuals, for whom science and political reform went
together, and concludes with a chapter on the state of science in
contemporary Muslim societies and the efforts to institutionalize
science (before the upheavals of 2011) so as to bring to life an
authentic and indigenous culture that would sustain scientific
study and research as autonomous pursuits.
This is a study of science in Muslim society. The first volume
starts at the rise of science in the eighth century and explores
the efforts of nineteenth century Muslim thinkers and reformers to
regain the lost ethos that had given birth to the rich scientific
heritage of earlier Muslim civilization. The second volume reveals
the undermining effect of European imperialism on western-oriented
religious reformers and secular intellectuals, for whom science and
political reform went together, and concludes with a chapter on the
state of science in contemporary Muslim societies and the efforts
to institutionalize science today.
The title of this volume implies two things: the greatness of the
scientific tradition that Muslims had lost, and the power of the
West, in whose threatening shadow reformers now labored to
modernize in order to defend themselves against those very powers
they were taking as models. Copernicus and Darwin were the names
that dominated the debate on science, whose arguments and rebuttals
were published mainly in the religious and secular journals in
Cairo and Beirut from the 1870s. Analysis and interpretation of
this literature shows the hope that Arab reformers had of
duplicating the Japanese success, followed by the despair when
success was denied. A cultural malaise festered from generations of
despair, defeat and foreign occupation, and this feeling
transmogrified after 1967 to a psychosis in a significant number of
secular writers, educators and religious reformers. The great
debate on assimilating science was turned inward where defensive
mechanisms of denial spun out perversions of science: the Quran
becoming a thesaurus of science; and a more extreme derivative of
that, something called "Islamic Science," arising as an alternate
science that was to be in harmony with the Quran, Shari'a and
Muslim belief. This volume reveals the undermining effect of
European imperialism on western-oriented religious reformers and
secular intellectuals, for whom science and political reform went
together, and concludes with a chapter on the state of science in
contemporary Muslim societies and the efforts to institutionalize
science (before the upheavals of 2011) so as to bring to life an
authentic and indigenous culture that would sustain scientific
study and research as autonomous pursuits.
This is a study of science in Muslim society from its rise in the
8th century to the efforts of 19th-century Muslim thinkers and
reformers to regain the lost ethos that had given birth to the rich
scientific heritage of earlier Muslim civilization. The volume is
organized in four parts; the rise of science in Muslim society in
its historical setting of political and intellectual expansion; the
Muslim creative achievement and original discoveries; proponents
and opponents of science in a religiously oriented society; and
finally the complex factors that account for the end of the
500-year Muslim renaissance. The book brings together and treats in
depth, using primary and secondary sources in Arabic, Turkish and
European languages, subjects that are lightly and uncritically
brushed over in non-specialized literature, such as the question of
what can be considered to be purely original scientific advancement
in Muslim civilization over and above what was inherited from the
Greco-Syriac and Indian traditions; what was the place of science
in a religious society; and the question of the curious demise of
the Muslim scientific renaissance after centuries of creativity.
The book also interprets the history of the rise, achievement and
decline of scientific study in light of the religious temper and of
the political and socio-economic vicissitudes across Islamdom for
over a millennium and integrates the Muslim legacy with the history
of Latin/European accomplishments. It sets the stage for the next
momentous transmission of science: from the West back to the
Arabic-speaking world of Islam, from the last half of the 19th
century to the early 21st century, the subject of a second volume.
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