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This book surveys the current state of industry in sub-Saharan
Africa and examines claims that Africa is de-industrialising. It
focuses on the challenge for economic policy to find ways to
reverse this trend. The contributors begin by analysing general
issues relating to industrialisation in Africa, including the
question of Africa's comparative advantage in industry, the role of
small-scale enterprises and the scope for infant industry
promotion. They then focus on issues such as: * evidence of
de-industrialisation within Africa * comparative industrial
performance between African countries and economies outside Africa
* the role of regional trade integration * lessons to be learnt
from industrialisation in East Asia * policies of major lending
institutions towards industrial loans The authors then consider
evidence from country studies including export performance in
Nigeria, protection and transport costs in Uganda, public
enterprises in Tanzania, enterprise reform in South Africa and the
impact of free trade policies in Southern Africa. They find that
the diversity of experience in the region and the complexity of the
issues caution against accepting simple generalisations on African
industrialisation. Industrial Development and Policy in Africa will
be required reading for scholars of economic development and
industrial economics.
The spread of the manufacturing industry is an important part of
economic development, creating jobs, new products and trade and
investment links between countries. Understanding this process is
an important part of understanding how countries develop and how
they are affected by current globalization. The economic geography
of the world has been changing significantly in the last few
decades with old established industrial centres in the developed
countries in decline, and new centres emerging in countries that
were once thought of as poor and still developing. However, this
process has been very uneven with some parts of the developing
world still largely non-industrial.
This book aims to explain this process from the perspective of
developing countries. It charts current trends in industrial
development drawing on available statistics and explores different
perspectives on the role the manufacturing industry can play.
The book covers topics including:
- aspects of trade policy as they affect industry
- the international rules of the World Trade Organisation
- the network of links between firms in different parts of the
world economy.
Separate chapters examine:
- the special role of small firms and of technology in
industrialisation
- government policy towards the encouragement of industry,
drawing particularly on the experience of economies in East Asia
(the original Asian Tigers)
- recent developments in China and India and their implications
for other countries.
The book draws on simple concepts of economic theory but avoids
a technical mathematical approach and should be accessible to a
wide audience. It extends and updates the author 's earlier work on
industrialisation published by Routledge (Industry in Developing
Countries, 1990 and Industrialisation and Globalisation, 2002) and
aims to present a comprehensive overview of these important
contemporary issues. The book is suitable for both undergraduate
and graduate level courses, but will also be invaluable to
professionals working in development.
The techniques and methods of project appraisal in developing
countries have been considerably expanded and refined since they
were first introduced in the late 1960s. This up-to-date and
authoritative survey volume demonstrates the ways in which
cost-benefit analysis has developed in response to changes in
economic circumstances and conditions over the past three
decades.An international group of academic and professional
economists covers areas including problems in the practical
application of cost-benefit techniques by international agencies,
the treatment of income distribution, discounting, the effects
method, the logical framework as a complement to project appraisal,
aid tying, risk criteria in decision making, benefit valuation in
the water sector, the appraisal of technical assistance projects,
privatization in transition economies and shadow pricing in
transition economies. Professor Kirkpatrick and Professor Weiss
have prepared an insightful overview essay introducing the broad
selection of work presented in this volume. Cost-Benefit Analysis
and Project Appraisal in Developing Countries will be welcomed by
academic and professional economists working on project appraisal
in the context of the economic problems of developing and
transitional economies.
Most governments attempt to target resources directly at the poor
through a variety of measures including food and credit subsidies,
job creation schemes and basic health and education projects. These
measures are usually classified as being either promotional (to
help raise welfare in the long term), or protectional (to support
the poor in times of adverse shocks). However, for many Asian
countries the reality of these poverty targeting measures has
proved disappointing. Following a comprehensive overview by the
editor, this book offers a detailed assessment of the results of
directly channelling resources to the poor and extensively
discusses the experience of five Asian countries - India,
Indonesia, the People's Republic of China, the Philippines and
Thailand. The authors demonstrate how in many cases these targeting
measures have failed due to their high cost and errors of both
undercoverage (where many of the poor are excluded) and leakage
(when many of the better-off also benefit from these schemes). The
authors conclude that whilst poverty targeting remains a critically
important objective, past targeting errors must not be forgotten
and improved methods of both identifying and reaching the poor must
be implemented. Written by leading experts in the field and
including analysis of original country surveys, this seminal text
documents clearly the operation and success of aid schemes in Asia.
This book will make a worthy addition to the literature on
development, poverty reduction, social welfare and Asian studies.
It will also be an important source of reference for academics and
students of economic development, aid practitioners, government
officials and development NGOs.
In a refreshingly accessible style John Weiss presents a survey of
industrialization in developing countries since 1945, as well as a
study of the predominant theories of industrial growth in the Third
World. This authoritative text analyzes:
* the possibility of different paths to industrialization
* the dominant neoclassical view and the challenges to this
orthodoxy
* the importance of small scale industry
* the priority of technological change to industrialization.
At a time when globalization is becoming an increasingly
controversial phenomenon, this book offers a powerful argument that
despite potential difficulties with market access, integration with
the world market offers developing countries the opportunity for
future growth via industrialization.
Contents: Chapter 1. Industrialisation since 1960: an overview. Chapter 2. Are there different paths to industrialisation? Chapter 3. Neoclassical orthodoxy dominant. Chapter 4. What remains of the challenges to orthodoxy? Chapter 5. Small-scale industry: is it really beautiful? Chapter 6. Technology: can we open the black box? Chapter 7. Globalisation and industrialisation. Chapter 8. Creating competitive advantage.
This updated new edition explores the techniques used to assess the
economic impact of projects in developing countries. Blending an
academic understanding of economics and development with an
accessible style and practical advice, the costs and benefits of
investment projects, an important mechanism for economic
development, are assessed to ensure that resource allocation is as
productive as possible. New material has been added,
particularly on the environmental impact of projects, the
role of the discount rate in decision-taking, the application of
techniques to estimate willingness to pay for benefit estimation
and the quantification of health impacts. Although the basic
techniques of project analysis were developed many decades ago,
they remain highly relevant to address current concerns, such as
population growth, urbanisation, pressure on physical
infrastructure, inequality, and the climate crisis. This book aims
to provide an accessible overview, drawn from extensive practical
experience, of project analysis in developing countries. It will be
relevant to students, researchers, and practitioners interested in
development economics.Â
For over fifty years project analysis techniques have been applied
in the assessment of development projects where poorly designed and
appraised projects can waste scarce resources. This study examines
the continued relevance of this approach, assesses methodological
developments over this period and investigates current practical
problems in the application of these techniques. This major work
brings together authors with experience of both academic and
operational project work to focus on issues such as the shadow
exchange rate, the shadow wage, the discount rate and assessment of
poverty impact and risk, as well as problems relating to specific
sectors covering environmental projects, transport, education and
health. There are also general chapters on the experience of
semi-input-output-based estimation of shadow prices and the
relevance of shadow pricing techniques to the context of developed
economies in the EU. An overview by the editors sets out the
evolution of the literature and highlights current issues. The
general conclusion is that project analysis techniques remain
relevant, albeit within a very different development context to
that in which they were originally envisaged to be applied. With
new perspectives on key economic parameters, this book will appeal
to academics working on development, officials involved with
project aid programs, postgraduate students of development and
professional economists working on development projects.
Contributors: P.B. Anand, M. Florio, M. Fujimura, E. Kula, E.
Londero, C. Nash, D. Potts, S. Vignetti, K. Ward, J. Weiss
Poverty Strategies in Asia is an examination of a wide range of
measures aimed at reducing poverty in the region. It is widely
recognized that while high and sustained economic growth is
critical for poverty reduction, there are other policy
interventions that may also be significant in a 'growth plus'
approach to poverty reduction. This volume brings together a series
of case studies on the poverty impact of alternative interventions
in a broad range of Asian economies. The measures examined within
the book cover trade liberalization both in general and in a
specific market, infrastructure investment (particularly in roads),
population policies, cash transfers, microfinance, employment
guarantee programs and contract farming. The countries covered
include the Philippines, Lao PDR, Pakistan, India and Thailand.
While the results illustrated by the contributors are mixed, they
demonstrate the potential for further progress in poverty
reduction. This latest joint publication by the ADBI and Edward
Elgar Publishing will be warmly welcomed by scholars and
researchers of Asian studies and development. Professional
economists within international and bilateral development agencies
and policymakers will also find much to engage them.
Most governments attempt to target resources directly at the poor
through a variety of measures including food and credit subsidies,
job creation schemes and basic health and education projects. These
measures are usually classified as being either promotional (to
help raise welfare in the long term), or protectional (to support
the poor in times of adverse shocks). However, for many Asian
countries the reality of these poverty targeting measures has
proved disappointing. Following a comprehensive overview by the
editor, this book offers a detailed assessment of the results of
directly channelling resources to the poor and extensively
discusses the experience of five Asian countries - India,
Indonesia, the People's Republic of China, the Philippines and
Thailand. The authors demonstrate how in many cases these targeting
measures have failed due to their high cost and errors of both
undercoverage (where many of the poor are excluded) and leakage
(when many of the better-off also benefit from these schemes). The
authors conclude that whilst poverty targeting remains a critically
important objective, past targeting errors must not be forgotten
and improved methods of both identifying and reaching the poor must
be implemented. Written by leading experts in the field and
including analysis of original country surveys, this seminal text
documents clearly the operation and success of aid schemes in Asia.
This book will make a worthy addition to the literature on
development, poverty reduction, social welfare and Asian studies.
It will also be an important source of reference for academics and
students of economic development, aid practitioners, government
officials and development NGOs.
The Routledge Handbook of Industry and Development is a global
overview of industrialisation. Each chapter will provide readers
with contemporary insights into this this essential aspect of
economic development. Industrialisation has been at the forefront
of discussion on economic development since the earliest days of
development economics. But over the last fifty years, the
manufacturing sectors of different countries and regions have grown
at strikingly different rates. In 1960 developing countries took a
very small share of global manufacturing production. Today the
position had changed radically with fast growth of manufacturing in
many parts of what was originally the developing world,
particularly in China and the rest of East Asia. On the other hand,
countries in Africa and parts of Latin America have been largely
left behind by this process of industrialisation. This volume aims
to illuminate this uneven development and takes stock of the
current issues that hinder and support industrialisation in low and
middle income economies. This Handbook is a collection of chapters
on different aspects of industrialisation experience in a range of
countries. Key themes include, the role of manufacturing in growth,
the nature of structural change at different stages of development,
the role of manufacturing in employment creation, alternative
options for trade and industrial policy, the key role of technology
and technical change, and the impact of globalisation and the
spread of global value chains and foreign direct investment on
prospects for industrialisation. Several chapters discuss
individual country experiences with examples from India, Mexico,
South Africa and Tanzania, as well as an overview of African
industrialisation. This authoritative Handbook will be a key
reference source for those studying or wishing to understand
contemporary economic development. Offering inspiration and
direction for future research, this landmark volume will be of
crucial importance to all development economics scholars and
researchers.
The spread of the manufacturing industry is an important part of
economic development, creating jobs, new products and trade and
investment links between countries. Understanding this process is
an important part of understanding how countries develop and how
they are affected by current globalization. The economic geography
of the world has been changing significantly in the last few
decades with old established industrial centres in the developed
countries in decline, and new centres emerging in countries that
were once thought of as poor and still developing. However, this
process has been very uneven with some parts of the developing
world still largely non-industrial.
This book aims to explain this process from the perspective of
developing countries. It charts current trends in industrial
development drawing on available statistics and explores different
perspectives on the role the manufacturing industry can play.
The book covers topics including:
- aspects of trade policy as they affect industry
- the international rules of the World Trade Organisation
- the network of links between firms in different parts of the
world economy.
Separate chapters examine:
- the special role of small firms and of technology in
industrialisation
- government policy towards the encouragement of industry,
drawing particularly on the experience of economies in East Asia
(the original Asian Tigers)
- recent developments in China and India and their implications
for other countries.
The book draws on simple concepts of economic theory but avoids
a technical mathematical approach and should be accessible to a
wide audience. It extends and updates the author s earlier work on
industrialisation published by Routledge (Industry in Developing
Countries, 1990 and Industrialisation and Globalisation, 2002) and
aims to present a comprehensive overview of these important
contemporary issues. The book is suitable for both undergraduate
and graduate level courses, but will also be invaluable to
professionals working in development.
The Routledge Handbook of Industry and Development is a global
overview of industrialisation. Each chapter will provide readers
with contemporary insights into this this essential aspect of
economic development. Industrialisation has been at the forefront
of discussion on economic development since the earliest days of
development economics. But over the last fifty years, the
manufacturing sectors of different countries and regions have grown
at strikingly different rates. In 1960 developing countries took a
very small share of global manufacturing production. Today the
position had changed radically with fast growth of manufacturing in
many parts of what was originally the developing world,
particularly in China and the rest of East Asia. On the other hand,
countries in Africa and parts of Latin America have been largely
left behind by this process of industrialisation. This volume aims
to illuminate this uneven development and takes stock of the
current issues that hinder and support industrialisation in low and
middle income economies. This Handbook is a collection of chapters
on different aspects of industrialisation experience in a range of
countries. Key themes include, the role of manufacturing in growth,
the nature of structural change at different stages of development,
the role of manufacturing in employment creation, alternative
options for trade and industrial policy, the key role of technology
and technical change, and the impact of globalisation and the
spread of global value chains and foreign direct investment on
prospects for industrialisation. Several chapters discuss
individual country experiences with examples from India, Mexico,
South Africa and Tanzania, as well as an overview of African
industrialisation. This authoritative Handbook will be a key
reference source for those studying or wishing to understand
contemporary economic development. Offering inspiration and
direction for future research
For over fifty years project analysis techniques have been applied
in the assessment of development projects where poorly designed and
appraised projects can waste scarce resources. This study examines
the continued relevance of this approach, assesses methodological
developments over this period and investigates current practical
problems in the application of these techniques. This major work
brings together authors with experience of both academic and
operational project work to focus on issues such as the shadow
exchange rate, the shadow wage, the discount rate and assessment of
poverty impact and risk, as well as problems relating to specific
sectors covering environmental projects, transport, education and
health. There are also general chapters on the experience of
semi-input-output-based estimation of shadow prices and the
relevance of shadow pricing techniques to the context of developed
economies in the EU. An overview by the editors sets out the
evolution of the literature and highlights current issues. The
general conclusion is that project analysis techniques remain
relevant, albeit within a very different development context to
that in which they were originally envisaged to be applied. With
new perspectives on key economic parameters, this book will appeal
to academics working on development, officials involved with
project aid programs, postgraduate students of development and
professional economists working on development projects.
Contributors: P.B. Anand, M. Florio, M. Fujimura, E. Kula, E.
Londero, C. Nash, D. Potts, S. Vignetti, K. Ward, J. Weiss
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