During and immediately after the First World War, there was a merging of Christian and nationalist traditions of martyrdom, expressed in the design of war cemeteries and war memorials, and the state funeral of the Unknown Warrior in 1920. John Wolffe explores the subsequent development of these traditions of 'sacred' and 'secular' martyrdom, analysing the ways in which they operated - sometimes in parallel, sometimes merged together and sometimes in conflict with each other. Particular topics explored include the Protestant commemoration of Marian and missionary martyrs, and the Roman Catholic campaign for the canonization of the 'saints and martyrs of England'. Secular martyrdom is discussed in relation to military conflicts especially the Second World War and the Falklands. In Ireland there was a particularly persistent merging of sacred and secular martyrdom in the wake of the Easter Rising of 1916 although by the time of the Northern Ireland 'Troubles' in the later twentieth-century these traditions diverged. In covering these themes, the book also offers historical and comparative context for understanding present-day acts of martyrdom in the form of suicide attacks.

By setting the Irish religious conflict in a wide comparative perspective, this book offers fresh insights into the causes of religious conflicts, and potential means of resolving them. The collection mounts a challenge to widely held views of 'Irish exceptionalism' and points to significant historical and contemporary commonalities across the Western European and North Atlantic worlds.

This book takes a fresh look at the roots and implications of the enduring major historic fissure in Western Christianity, which has had profound implications for culture, social life, politics and international relations across five centuries. It presents expertly informed historical research in a manner that relates meaningfully to contemporary and cross-disciplinary concerns. It explores the origins, perpetuation, reactivation and resolution of such conflicts, giving particular attention to the interaction of religious belief with other factors, including the impact of nationalism and the role of local contingencies. New insights into the historic dynamics of Protestant-Catholic conflict not only illuminate present-day contexts (such as Northern Ireland and the United States) where such polarities persist, but will also suggest instructive comparisons for approaching other seemingly entrenched conflicts in which religion is implicated, such as the perceived 'clash of civilisations' between Christianity and Islam.

This work is an examination of the crucial aspects of the relationship between religion and national consciousness in Britain and Ireland at a pivotal period in the history of both countries. Transcending the narrow limits of traditional "church history", it nevertheless demonstrates the centrality of religion in Ireland, Scotland and Wales, as well as England, in that period. An exploration of various approaches to the history of religion and nationality is John Wolffe's starting place. He continues by describing and analyzing the place of religion in 19th and early-20th-century society. The focus is particularly on the impact of evangelicism and the Catholic revival, and on the differing manifestations of official and unofficial religion. The second part of the book builds on this foundation to relate religion more explicitly to issues of politics, culture and nationality. It opens with some verbal "snapshots", portraying the various dimensions of the situation around 1850, and continues with chapters concentrating on politics, and on theology and national cultures.

Concern and debate over the role of religion in the make up of the United Kingdom is a contemporaneously relevant as it was in the nineteenth century. God and Greater Britain is a survey of the contribution of religion to society, politics, culture and national self-understanding in Britain and Ireland at a pivotal period in their historical development. It derives from primary research as well as from an extensive synthesis of the secondary literature. John Wolffe's timely and stimulating appraisal of the centrality of religion is well illustrated with specific episodes and uniquely places religion in a firm historical perspective.

This is an integrated collection of essays by leading scholars that looks at issues of conflict, conversion and coexistence in the religious context since the third century. The range of topics explored include paganism and Christianity in the later Roman world, the Crusades, the impact of the Reformation in Britain and Ireland, subsequent Protestant-Catholic conflict, the Hindu Renaissance in nineteenth-century India, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, Britain in the 1960s, women and the ministry, and Christianity, Judaism and the Holocaust. The book concludes by offering an historical perspective on religion, conflict and coexistence in the world today. Published in association with The Open University, this is a student-friendly and accessible volume on popular subjects within religious history, and it will be of value to students on a range of courses, as well as to a wider readership interested in the historical background to the role of religion in the contemporary world. -- .

By setting the Irish religious conflict in a wide comparative perspective, this book offers fresh insights into the causes of religious conflicts, and potential means of resolving them. The collection mounts a challenge to views of 'Irish exceptionalism' and points to significant historical and contemporary commonalities across the Western world.

Taking a fresh look at the roots and implications of the enduring major historic fissure in Western Christianity, this book presents new insights into the historical dynamics of Protestant-Catholic conflict while illuminating present-day contexts and suggesting comparisons for approaching other entrenched conflicts in which religion is implicated.

This volume provides an authoritative account of evangelicalism from the 1790s to the 1840s, skilfully balancing British and American developments and also encompassing Canada, Australia, the West Indies and elsewhere. An account of the formative impact of revivalism is followed by discussion of spirituality and worship, and the place of evangelicalism in the lives of women, men and the family. The book then explores the broader social and political impact of the movement, giving particular attention to the slavery question. Major figures, such as Lyman Beecher, Thomas Chalmers, Charles Finney, Hannah More and William Wilberforce, are surveyed alongside other fascinating, lesser-known personalities. The concluding coverage of the 1846 London meeting of the Evangelical Alliance - one of the few grand gatherings of evangelicals from the Atlantic world and beyond - contributes key insights into the movement as a whole.

This is a study of the organized anti-Catholic movement in nineteenth-century Britain. The passing of the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829 was in some respects a triumph for religious toleration, but it was followed by a substantial Protestant backlash. This was further stimulated by the theological and evangelistic concerns of evangelicals, the growth of Catholicism in Britain, and the political actions of Irish and British Tories. In this meticulously researched book, John Wolffe examines the anti-Catholic societies which played an important part in the shaping of public opinion, and which exercised significant leverage on politics, notably in 1834-5 and between 1845 and 1855. He explores the cultural and social dimensions of anti-Catholicism, relating them to the values and impact of evangelicalism at a variety of social levels. The Protestant Crusade in Great Britain makes an important contribution to our understanding of Victorian religion, particularly in respect of the interaction between England, Ireland, and Scotland. Dr Wolffe demonstrates that, while the Protestant crusade failed in terms of most of its specific objectives, its impact on the life of the nation was nevertheless far-reaching.

This book covers the psychedelic ayahuasca tourism in Peru, with its facet-rich psychological, pharmacological, anthropological, and sociological aspects. The reader gets an interdisciplinary insight into the historical development and the current state of ayahuasca research. Findings from three empirical studies are presented, which the author has won in a 4-year field research: How do common standards develop in this particular form of psycho-spiritual tourism? Why are people from developed nations and urban centres heading to the Amazon to ingest the psychedelic beverage Ayahuasca? How do they experience such ceremonies and retreats? Which insights, personal meaning and effects do they gain and how do they integrate their experiences into the everyday life?

This book offers an authoritative overview of the history of evangelicalism as a global movement, from its origins in Europe and North America in the first half of the eighteenth century to its present-day dynamic growth in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Oceania. Starting with a definition of the movement within the context of the history of Protestantism, it follows the history of evangelicalism from its early North Atlantic revivals to the great expansion in the Victorian era, through to its fracturing and reorientation in response to the stresses of modernity and total war in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It describes the movement's indigenization and expansion toward becoming a multicentered and diverse movement at home in the non-Western world that nevertheless retains continuity with its historic roots. The book concludes with an analysis of contemporary worldwide evangelicalism's current trajectory and the movement's adaptability to changing historical and geographical circumstances.

This book offers an authoritative overview of the history of evangelicalism as a global movement, from its origins in Europe and North America in the first half of the eighteenth century to its present-day dynamic growth in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Oceania. Starting with a definition of the movement within the context of the history of Protestantism, it follows the history of evangelicalism from its early North Atlantic revivals to the great expansion in the Victorian era, through to its fracturing and reorientation in response to the stresses of modernity and total war in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It describes the movement's indigenization and expansion toward becoming a multicentered and diverse movement at home in the non-Western world that nevertheless retains continuity with its historic roots. The book concludes with an analysis of contemporary worldwide evangelicalism's current trajectory and the movement's adaptability to changing historical and geographical circumstances.

Biodanza ist eine sudamerikanische Methode zur Stressreduktion und zur Vermittlung von Lebensfreude. Dabei werden Musik, Bewegung und Gruppenerfahrungen genutzt, um intensive Erlebnisse hervorzurufen, die menschliche Potentiale wie Vitalitat, Sexualitat, Kreativitat, Affektivitat und Transzendenz stimulieren. Mittlerweile hat dieses Ubungssystem uber Sudamerika und Italien auch in Deutschland mehr und mehr Bekanntschaft erlangt und wird vielerorts in wochentlichen Biodanzagruppen praktiziert. Zunehmend beginnt auch die Psychologie und Psychotherapieforschung ein Interesse an Biodanza zu entwickeln. Hier war man bemuht, grundlegende Wirksamkeitsstudien der Stressreduktion vorzulegen. Dieses Buch beschaftigt sich mit der Wirkung von Biodanza hinsichtlich des Umgangs der Teilnehmer mit Musik im Alltag. Da Musik im Biodanza als Symboltrager fur Gefuhle und als zentrales Medium zur Auslosung und Verstarkung intensiver Erlebnisse genutzt wird, wird hier der spannenden Frage nachgegangen, ob Biodanza- Teilnehmer tatsachlich einen Transfer dieser Erlebnis- verstarkenden Effekte von Musik in ihren Alltag hinein erleben. In der empirischen Untersuchung wird dieses Thema auf der Basis eines Kulturvergleichs zwischen Deutschland und Kolumbien behandelt.

W rden Sie freiwillig in ein buddhistisches Kloster eintreten, 10 Stunden am Tag schweigend im Schneidersitz hocken und meditieren? Genau das haben die Teilnehmer dieser Studie getan. In einer breit angelegten psychologischen Untersuchung wurde die Wirkung von altbuddhistischer Meditation erforscht, wie sie auch heute noch in s dostasiatischen Kl stern und in einigen westlichen Meditationszentren praktiziert wird. Sie nennt sich Vipassana, Einsichtsmeditation. Angeblich hat der Buddha vor 2600 Jahren durch sie die Erleuchtung erlangt. Meditation ist angesagt, auch bei uns. In jedem Fitnesscenter, in jeder Volkshochschule, auf jeder Kur, in jeder psychosomatischen Klinik gibt es sie in zahlreichen Versionen als Entspannungstrainings. Den M nchen geht es beim Meditieren jedoch nicht um Wellness und Entspannung. Sie wollen nichts weniger, als sich vom Leiden der Welt zu befreien. Ernsthafte Meditation ist eine langfristige und kontinuierliche Angelegenheit, oft anstrengend und erm dend. Was l uft bei der Meditation ab? Was erleben Menschen in der Dauermeditation? Um diese Fragen zu kl ren, wurde ein strenger Klosteralltag w hrend einer Meditationsklausur nachgestellt und unter psychologischer Betreuung erforscht. Das Buch leistet durch seine detailreiche statistische Erfassung der Erfahrungen m nchischer Meditationspraxis einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Meditationsforschung. Es richtet sich an alle, die an der wissenschaftlichen Erforschung der Meditation interessiert sind.

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