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The end of the Cold War presented a paradoxical dilemma for the
Intelligence Community (IC). The demise of the Soviet Union brought
about a significant downsizing of the nation's intelligence
apparatus while concurrently necessitating a major reallocation of
intelligence resources to cover a more complex array of
trans-national threats such as counter-proliferation, terrorism,
organized crime, drug trafficking, and ethnopolitical conflict. The
combination of shrinking budgets and expanding analytical
requirements placed enormous demands on the Community. Among the
most pressing challenges was the need for an on-demand, surged
intelligence capability for coverage over a diverse range of
operational requirements. A key recommendation of a 1996 House
Permanent Select Committee investigation of the nation's
intelligence capabilities called for the creation of a dynamic
surge capacity for crisis response. The Committee concluded that
such resources "need not be self-contained within the IC," but must
be quickly marshaled "without undue concerns about who owns the
assets." Several other independent reform studies at the time
proposed initiatives to satisfy surged collection demands by
leveraging nongovernmental resources. Despite these
recommendations, during the 1990s there was little effort to create
such a surge capacity. Bureaucratic inertia and lack of clear
consensus on an intelligence reform agenda made major initiatives
impossible. With the enormous intelligence demands of the Global
War on Terrorism (GWOT) the issue of surge capacity has reemerged
as a critical issue for community leaders. Collection management,
remote sensing, linguistic support, document exploitation,
interrogation, and technical analysis are just some intelligence
support functions currently being performed by private contractors.
This ad hoc response to meet the intelligence requirements of GWOT
operations has produced mixed results. One report strongly
recommended the permanent integration of commercial imagery
products into the conventional collection management cycle for
operational commanders. Conversely, a key fi nding of the Army
Inspector General's report on OIF detainee operations in Iraq
clearly identifi ed poor training and misuse of contract
interrogators as a contributing factor in detainee abuse. These
examples speak to both the promise and the liability of utilizing
commercial augmentation for intelligence surge capacity. Given the
current mismatch between operational requirements and intelligence
force structure, there will be continuing reliance on commercial
augmentation. As critical intelligence requirements are
increasingly resourced through commercial augmentation, IC leaders
must determine the appropriate roles for private sector firms and
provide effective plans for legal oversight, operational
integration, and management of contracted support. To date, few
studies have adequately considered the policy implications of
integrating non-governmental providers into the operational
intelligence cycle. GWOT operations have required significant
reliance on private sector resources for intelligence collection
and analysis but have done so without sufficient measures for
effective acquisition, management and accountability over
commercial providers. This study assesses the value of current
commercial activities used within DoD elements of the Intelligence
Community, particularly dealing with operational functions such as
analysis, collection management, document exploitation,
interrogation, production, and linguistic support. These functions
were selected due to the extensive use of commercial augmentation
in these areas during recent GWOT operations.
This volume helps identify how to produce good or better
intelligence - intelligence that is of use to policymakers. The
authors have - across a range of areas of interest -identified some
of the practices that work best "to bring about" good intelligence.
The focus is on analysis rather than operations and includes pieces
from currently serving professionals in the armed forces, CIA, and
NSA. Editor Dr. Russell G. Swenson directed the Center for
Strategic Intelligence Research at the Joint Military Intelligence
College when this book was published by the Joint Military
Intelligence College.
This collection of papers highlights the convergence of academic
and applied factions in the pursuit of intelligence
professionalism.
This study addresses the future of the Intelligence Community in
light of 21st century issues/challenges/threats. In addressing this
issue, the author reviews many of the chief intelligence reform
proposals or legislative activities during the early years of the
U.S. intelligence service and throughout the Cold-War era, to
include the turbulent mid-1970s, on into the 1990s, and concludes
with a review of the recommendations from the Joint Inquiry Report
and the 9/11 Commission Report leading to the Intelligence Reform
and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004. At issue is whether these
ongoing schemes for reform, including the new legislation, are
sufficient for the effective operation of the Community in a
globalized environment.
This work is a start toward encouraging debate as to how to best
focus IC energies and resources to engage in what is currently
being called the Global War on Terror.
This collection of papers highlights the convergence of academic
and applied factions in the pursuit of intelligence
professionalism.
Dr. Bodnar builds on the earlier work and isight of Cynthia Grabo,
whose book Anticipating Surprise; Analysis for Strategic Warning
was recently published by the Joint Military Intelligence College's
Center for Strategic Intelligence Research. The author also
usefully integrates into this book the often-cited but rarely-seen
original work of the USAF's strategic and operational philosopher
Col. John Boyd. This book reaches farther than any other toward the
objective of bringing together substantive expertise with an
accessible, methodologically sound analytical strategy in the
ervice of the U.S. Intelligence Community.
Learning With Professionals: Selected Works from the Joint Military
Intelligence College is a collection of writings by present or
former faculty and students at the Joint Military Intelligence
College. The purpose of the book is to provide an academic resource
for students, teachers, and practitioners of intelligence. The
growth of the field as an academic discipline has been accompanied
by a growth in its body of literature, and some of the most
significant writings have come from a center of excellence in the
field, the Joint Military Intelligence College. Those presented
here represent a cross section of sub-disciplines, some with a very
timely element, some timeless. This product has been reviewed by
senior experts from academia and government, and has been approved
for unrestricted distribution by the Directorate for Freedom of
Information and Security Review, Washington Headquarters Services,
Department of Defense.
An evaluation of U.S./U.K. Naval Intelligence Cooperation,
1935-1941
Assigned to the National Indications Center, Cynthia Grabo served
as a senior researcher and writer for the U.S. Watch Committee
throughout its existence (1950 to 1975), and in its successor, the
Strategic Warning Staff. During this time she saw the need to
capture the institutional memory associated with strategic warning.
With three decades of experience in the Intelligence Community, she
saw intelligence and warning failures in Korea, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, and Cuba. In the summer of 1972, the DIA published her
"Handbook of Warning Intelligence" as a classified document,
followed by two additional classified volumes, one in the fall of
1972 and the last in 1974. These declassified books have now been
condensed from the original three volumes into this one. Ms.
Grabo's authoritative interpretation of an appropriate analytic
strategy for intelligence-based warning is here presented in a
commercial reprint of this classic study. (Originally published by
the Joint Military Intelligence College)
The purpose of this book is to inform the larger community of
federal government agencies, including law enforcement, national
security, and other interested entities, as well as the citizens of
this country and beyond, about the intelligence analytical
capabilities existing in local and state levels of law enforcement.
This book examines ways in which intelligence develops its
characteristic standards of accuracy and duty. It considers the
effects of formal legal codes and democratic oversight, but a
principal conclusion emerging from it is the importance of
professional training. Its implicit sub-text is indeed that
standards of intelligence analysis and integrity should be properly
taught, and not just caught by osmosis from one's seniors. It also
examines intelligence professionalism in a laboratory almost
completely unknown to Anglo-Saxon readers, certainly to this one.
Intelligence institutions have evolved in the last decade in the
new, democratic Latin America at roughly the same pace as the
successor systems that developed at the same time in the former
Warsaw Pact countries of Eastern and Central Europe; and the two
sets of development are of comparable international significance.
Yet hardly anyone in Europe knows anything about Latin American
intelligence, and the same ignorance exists in considerable measure
in the United States. The gap is filled here by accounts of
intelligence structures and recent developments in seven of the
Latin American countries, along with 5 three conceptual articles
that relate these country-by-country accounts to the
semi-hemisphere as a whole..
Teaching Intelligence at Colleges and Universities- Conference
Proceedings: 18 June 1999
The case study presented here illustrated the combination of
personality and process that resulted in the establishment of NIMA
in 1996. It has been written specifically for those who are
studying Congress and the U.S. Intelligence Community. It
highlights the role of the House and Senate Intelligence Committees
and how those committees interact with other committees. It
augments the few good sources that exist on this very narrow
subject.
Learning With Professionals: Selected Works from the Joint Military
Intelligence College is a collection of writings by present or
former faculty and students at the Joint Military Intelligence
College. The purpose of the book is to provide an academic resource
for students, teachers, and practitioners of intelligence. The
growth of the field as an academic discipline has been accompanied
by a growth in its body of literature, and some of the most
significant writings have come from a center of excellence in the
field, the Joint Military Intelligence College. Those presented
here represent a cross section of subdisciplines, some with a very
timely element, some timeless.This product has been reviewed by
senior experts from academia and government, and has been approved
for unrestricted distribution by the Directorate for Freedom of
Information and Security Review, Washington Headquarters Services,
Department of Defense.
The title chosen for this book carries two meanings. The more
straightforward interpretation of "Bringing Intelligence About, ''
and the principal one, refers to the book's coverage of
wide-ranging sources and methods employed to add value to national
security-related information-to create "intelligence.'' A second
meaning, not unrelated to the first, refers to the responsible
agility expected of U.S. intelligence professionals, to think and
act in such a way as to navigate information collection and
interpretation duties with a fix on society's shifting but
consensual interpretation of the U.S. Constitution
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