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Most complex biological systems, such as enzyme pathways, are effec
tively controlled near the beginning of the process. There is
increasing evidence that the same is true for the immune system,
with the initial interactions between antigen, antigen-presenting
cells, and T cells hav ing a paramount influence on the ensuing
events. Thus, analysis of the early stages of the immune responses
has been a preoccupation of many immunologists. This has been
considerably aided by the capac ity to expand these early events,
and 'immortalize' them as clones of T cells, for detailed analysis.
The discovery by Morgan, Ruscetti, and Gallo (Science 193, 1007,
1976) of T-cell growth factor (now termed interleukin-2 or IL-2)
has had a major impact in immunology that is far from over. The
greater ease of handling murine tissues experimentally, with the
availability of more precisely defined reagents such as inbred
strains, has meant that, to date, most of the work on long-term
T-cell cultures has been per formed in the mouse, as summarized by
Fathman and Fitch (eds., Iso lation, Characterization and
Utilization of T Lymphocyte Clones, Aca demic Press, NY, 1982).
However, the limitations of working with human tissues are
counterbalanced by the great long-term importance of understanding
disorders of human immune regulation, especially since it is
becoming evident that these are far from rare. Immune deficiencies
such as agammaglobulinemia and T-cell deficiencies are not common,
but immune hyperresponsiveness occurring in allergy and allergiC
diseases (e. g."
Most complex biological systems, such as enzyme pathways, are effec
tively controlled near the beginning of the process. There is
increasing evidence that the same is true for the immune system,
with the initial interactions between antigen, antigen-presenting
cells, and T cells hav ing a paramount influence on the ensuing
events. Thus, analysis of the early stages of the immune responses
has been a preoccupation of many immunologists. This has been
considerably aided by the capac ity to expand these early events,
and 'immortalize' them as clones of T cells, for detailed analysis.
The discovery by Morgan, Ruscetti, and Gallo (Science 193, 1007,
1976) of T-cell growth factor (now termed interleukin-2 or IL-2)
has had a major impact in immunology that is far from over. The
greater ease of handling murine tissues experimentally, with the
availability of more precisely defined reagents such as inbred
strains, has meant that, to date, most of the work on long-term
T-cell cultures has been per formed in the mouse, as summarized by
Fathman and Fitch (eds., Iso lation, Characterization and
Utilization of T Lymphocyte Clones, Aca demic Press, NY, 1982).
However, the limitations of working with human tissues are
counterbalanced by the great long-term importance of understanding
disorders of human immune regulation, especially since it is
becoming evident that these are far from rare. Immune deficiencies
such as agammaglobulinemia and T-cell deficiencies are not common,
but immune hyperresponsiveness occurring in allergy and allergiC
diseases (e. g."
This invaluable reference handbook describes the fundamental principles and procedures underlying the successful isolation of viable, functionally intact hematopoietic and lymphoid cells, and their maintenance as primary cultures. The text provides technical information on the signals and mediators required for the differentiation and growth of these cells, and is designed for laboratory investigators with limited practical experience in cell culture. Chapters discuss dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages, NK and LAK cells, mast cells and basophils, hematopoietic differentiation of embryonal stem cells, and the culturing of murine thymic explants. Each chapter has been written by experts who have practical experience of the techniques discussed to provide tips for avoiding common pitfalls, and sharing insight into the fundamental questions in cell biology and immunology addressed using each cell culture model.
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