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Bringing together ten leading researchers in the field of
deliberative democracy, this important book examines the features
of a Deliberative Mini-Public (DMP) and considers how DMPs link
into democratic systems. It examines the core design features of
DMPs and their role in the broader policy process and takes stock
of the characteristics that distinguish them from other forms of
citizen participation. In doing so, the book offers valuable
insights into the contributions that DMPs can make not only to the
policy process, but also to the broader agenda of revitalising
democracy in contemporary times.
This is a landmark intellectual history of Britain's working
classes from the preindustrial era to the twentieth century.
Drawing on workers' memoirs, social surveys, library registers, and
more, Jonathan Rose uncovers which books people read, how they
educated themselves, and what they knew. A new preface addresses
the continuing relevance of the book amidst the upheavals of the
present day. "An astonishing book."-Ian Sansom, The Guardian "A
passionate work of history. . . . Rose has written a work of
staggering ambition."-Daniel Akst, Wall Street Journal Winner of
the SHARP Book History Prize, the American Philosophical Society's
Jacques Barzun Prize, and the British Council Prize cowinner of the
Longman-History Today Book of the Year Prize for 2001; named one of
the finest books of 2001 by The Economist.
Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), which are pre-fabricated,
programmable digital integrated circuits (ICs), provide easy access
to state-of-the-art integrated circuit process technology, and in
doing so, democratize this technology of our time. This book is
about comparing the qualities of FPGA - their speed performance,
area and power consumption, against custom-fabricated ICs, and
exploring ways of mitigating their de ciencies. This work began as
a question that many have asked, and few had the resources to
answer - how much worse is an FPGA compared to a custom-designed
chip? As we dealt with that question, we found that it was far more
dif cult to answer than we anticipated, but that the results were
rich basic insights on fundamental understandings of FPGA
architecture. It also encouraged us to nd ways to leverage those
insights to seek ways to make FPGA technology better, which is what
the second half of the book is about. While the question "How much
worse is an FPGA than an ASIC?" has been a constant sub-theme of
all research on FPGAs, it was posed most directly, some time around
May 2004, by Professor Abbas El Gamal from Stanford University to
us - he was working on a 3D FPGA, and was wondering if any real
measurements had been made in this kind of comparison. Shortly
thereafter we took it up and tried to answer in a serious way.
Since their introduction in 1984, Field-Programmable Gate Arrays
(FPGAs) have become one of the most popular implementation media
for digital circuits and have grown into a $2 billion per year
industry. As process geometries have shrunk into the deep-submicron
region, the logic capacity of FPGAs has greatly increased, making
FPGAs a viable implementation alternative for larger and larger
designs. To make the best use of these new deep-submicron
processes, one must re-design one's FPGAs and Computer- Aided
Design (CAD) tools. Architecture and CAD for Deep-Submicron FPGAs
addresses several key issues in the design of high-performance FPGA
architectures and CAD tools, with particular emphasis on issues
that are important for FPGAs implemented in deep-submicron
processes. Three factors combine to determine the performance of an
FPGA: the quality of the CAD tools used to map circuits into the
FPGA, the quality of the FPGA architecture, and the electrical
(i.e. transistor-level) design of the FPGA. Architecture and CAD
for Deep-Submicron FPGAs examines all three of these issues in
concert. In order to investigate the quality of different FPGA
architectures, one needs CAD tools capable of automatically
implementing circuits in each FPGA architecture of interest. Once a
circuit has been implemented in an FPGA architecture, one next
needs accurate area and delay models to evaluate the quality (speed
achieved, area required) of the circuit implementation in the FPGA
architecture under test. This book therefore has three major foci:
the development of a high-quality and highly flexible CAD
infrastructure, the creation of accurate area and delay models for
FPGAs, and the study of several important FPGA architectural
issues. Architecture and CAD for Deep-Submicron FPGAs is an
essential reference for researchers, professionals and students
interested in FPGAs.
Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have emerged as an
attractive means of implementing logic circuits, providing instant
manufacturing turnaround and negligible prototype costs. They hold
the promise of replacing much of the VLSI market now held by
mask-programmed gate arrays. FPGAs offer an affordable solution for
customized VLSI, over a wide variety of applications, and have also
opened up new possibilities in designing reconfigurable digital
systems. Field-Programmable Gate Arrays discusses the most
important aspects of FPGAs in a textbook manner. It provides the
reader with a focused view of the key issues, using a consistent
notation and style of presentation. It provides detailed
descriptions of commercially available FPGAs and an in-depth
treatment of the FPGA architecture and CAD issues that are the
subjects of current research. The material presented is of interest
to a variety of readers, including those who are not familiar with
FPGA technology, but wish to be introduced to it, as well as those
who already have an understanding of FPGAs, but who are interested
in learning about the research directions that are of current
interest.
Bringing together the latest scholarship from all over the world on
topics ranging from reading practices in ancient China to the
workings of the twenty-first-century reading brain, the 4 volumes
of the Edinburgh History of Reading demonstrate that reading is a
deeply imbricated, socio-political practice, at once personal and
public, defiant and obedient. It is often materially ephemeral, but
it can also be emotionally and intellectually enduring.Common
Readers casts a fascinating light on the literary experiences of
ordinary people: miners in Scotland, churchgoers in Victorian
London, workers in Czarist Russia, schoolgirls in rural Australia,
farmers in Republican China, and forward to today's online book
discussion groups. Chapters in this volume explore what they read,
and how books changed their lives.Jonathan Rose is William R. Kenan
Professor of History at Drew University.
Bringing together the latest scholarship from all over the world on
topics ranging from reading practices in ancient China to the
workings of the twenty-first-century reading brain, the 4 volumes
of the Edinburgh History of Reading demonstrate that reading is a
deeply imbricated, socio-political practice, at once personal and
public, defiant and obedient. It is often materially ephemeral, but
it can also be emotionally and intellectually enduring. Subversive
Readers explores the strategies used by readers to question
authority, challenge convention, resist oppression, assert their
independence and imagine a better world. This kind of insurgent
reading may be found everywhere: in revolutionary France and Nazi
Germany, in Eastern Europe under Communism and in Australian and
Iranian prisons, among eighteenth-century women reading history and
nineteenth-century men reading erotica, among postcolonial
Africans, the blind, and pioneering transgender activists.Jonathan
Rose is William R. Kenan Professor of History at Drew University.
Since their introduction in 1984, Field-Programmable Gate Arrays
(FPGAs) have become one of the most popular implementation media
for digital circuits and have grown into a $2 billion per year
industry. As process geometries have shrunk into the deep-submicron
region, the logic capacity of FPGAs has greatly increased, making
FPGAs a viable implementation alternative for larger and larger
designs. To make the best use of these new deep-submicron
processes, one must re-design one's FPGAs and Computer- Aided
Design (CAD) tools. Architecture and CAD for Deep-Submicron FPGAs
addresses several key issues in the design of high-performance FPGA
architectures and CAD tools, with particular emphasis on issues
that are important for FPGAs implemented in deep-submicron
processes. Three factors combine to determine the performance of an
FPGA: the quality of the CAD tools used to map circuits into the
FPGA, the quality of the FPGA architecture, and the electrical
(i.e. transistor-level) design of the FPGA. Architecture and CAD
for Deep-Submicron FPGAs examines all three of these issues in
concert. In order to investigate the quality of different FPGA
architectures, one needs CAD tools capable of automatically
implementing circuits in each FPGA architecture of interest. Once a
circuit has been implemented in an FPGA architecture, one next
needs accurate area and delay models to evaluate the quality (speed
achieved, area required) of the circuit implementation in the FPGA
architecture under test. This book therefore has three major foci:
the development of a high-quality and highly flexible CAD
infrastructure, the creation of accurate area and delay models for
FPGAs, and the study of several important FPGA architectural
issues. Architecture and CAD for Deep-Submicron FPGAs is an
essential reference for researchers, professionals and students
interested in FPGAs.
Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have emerged as an
attractive means of implementing logic circuits, providing instant
manufacturing turnaround and negligible prototype costs. They hold
the promise of replacing much of the VLSI market now held by
mask-programmed gate arrays. FPGAs offer an affordable solution for
customized VLSI, over a wide variety of applications, and have also
opened up new possibilities in designing reconfigurable digital
systems. Field-Programmable Gate Arrays discusses the most
important aspects of FPGAs in a textbook manner. It provides the
reader with a focused view of the key issues, using a consistent
notation and style of presentation. It provides detailed
descriptions of commercially available FPGAs and an in-depth
treatment of the FPGA architecture and CAD issues that are the
subjects of current research. The material presented is of interest
to a variety of readers, including those who are not familiar with
FPGA technology, but wish to be introduced to it, as well as those
who already have an understanding of FPGAs, but who are interested
in learning about the research directions that are of current
interest.
Reveals the experience of reading in many cultures and across the
ages Covers reading practices around the world from 19th-century
Africa to the reading of music in the 20th-century US Employs a
wide range of methodologies Showcases new research including
reading at night; readers as writers and critics; and 21st-century
neuroscience Challenges previous models with new data on travelling
readers, images of readers, and digital reading and fan cultures
Modern Readers explores the myriad places and spaces in which
reading has typically taken place since the eighteenth century,
from the bedrooms of the English upper classes, through large parts
of nineteenth-century Africa and on-board ships and trains
travelling the world, to twenty-first-century reading groups. It
encompasses a range of genres from to science fiction, music and
self-help to Government propaganda.
A transformative portrait of Churchill, whose love of history,
theater, and reading was inextricably linked to his life as a
statesman This strikingly original book introduces a Winston
Churchill we have not known before. Award-winning author Jonathan
Rose explores in tandem Churchill's careers as statesman and
author, revealing the profound influence of literature and theater
on Churchill's personal, carefully composed grand story and on the
decisions he made throughout his political life. Rose provides in
this expansive literary biography an analysis of Churchill's
writings and their reception (he won the Nobel Prize for Literature
in 1953 and was a best-selling author), and a chronicle of his
dealings with publishers, editors, literary agents, and censors.
The book also identifies an array of authors who shaped Churchill's
own writings and politics: George Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells,
Margaret Mitchell, George Orwell, Oscar Wilde, and many more. Rose
investigates the effect of Churchill's passion for theater on his
approach to reportage, memoirs, and historical works. Perhaps most
remarkably, Rose reveals the unmistakable influence of Churchill's
reading on every important episode of his public life, including
his championship of social reform, plans for the Gallipoli
invasion, command during the Blitz, crusade for Zionism, and
efforts to prevent a nuclear arms race. In a fascinating
conclusion, Rose traces the significance of Churchill's writings to
later generations of politicians, among them President John F.
Kennedy as he struggled to extricate the U.S. from the Cuban
Missile Crisis.
From the early Sumerian clay tablet through to the emergence of the
electronic text, this "Companion" provides a continuous and
coherent account of the history of the book.
Makes use of illustrative examples and case studies of well-known
texts
Written by a group of expert contributors
Covers topical debates, such as the nature of censorship and the
future of the book
Reveals the experience of reading in many cultures and across the
ages Shows the experiences of ordinary readers in Scotland,
Australasia, Russia, and China Explores how digital media has
transformed literary criticism Portrays everyday reading in art
Includes reading across national and cultural lines Common Readers
casts a fascinating light on the literary experiences of ordinary
people: miners in Scotland, churchgoers in Victorian London,
workers in Czarist Russia, schoolgirls in rural Australia, farmers
in Republican China, and forward to today's online book discussion
groups. Chapters in this volume explore what they read, and how
books changed their lives.
Waste pickers in Dhaka make their living by selling recyclable
items collected from dumped waste. Most are children living on the
streets or in slums where they have little access to
infrastructure, a low status in society and an uncertain future.
This book is based on a period of fieldwork in Dhaka which explored
their livelihoods using the DFID Sustainable Livelihoods Approach
(SLA). It presents much of the livelihood information gathered, and
discusses the effectiveness of the SLA in this urban context. The
book also raises a number of methodological issues relating to
research with mostly illiterate, underprivileged children.
A transformative portrait of Churchill, whose love of history,
theater, and reading was inextricably linked to his life as a
statesman This strikingly original book introduces a Winston
Churchill we have not known before. Award-winning author Jonathan
Rose explores in tandem Churchill's careers as statesman and
author, revealing the profound influence of literature and theater
on Churchill's personal, carefully composed grand story and on the
decisions he made throughout his political life. Rose provides in
this expansive literary biography an analysis of Churchill's
writings and their reception (he won the Nobel Prize for Literature
in 1953 and was a best-selling author), and a chronicle of his
dealings with publishers, editors, literary agents, and censors.
The book also identifies an array of authors who shaped Churchill's
own writings and politics: George Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells,
Margaret Mitchell, George Orwell, Oscar Wilde, and many more. Rose
investigates the effect of Churchill's passion for theater on his
approach to reportage, memoirs, and historical works. Perhaps most
remarkably, Rose reveals the unmistakable influence of Churchill's
reading on every important episode of his public life, including
his championship of social reform, plans for the Gallipoli
invasion, command during the Blitz, crusade for Zionism, and
efforts to prevent a nuclear arms race. In a fascinating
conclusion, Rose traces the significance of Churchill's writings to
later generations of politicians, among them President John F.
Kennedy as he struggled to extricate the U.S. from the Cuban
Missile Crisis.
Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), which are pre-fabricated,
programmable digital integrated circuits (ICs), provide easy access
to state-of-the-art integrated circuit process technology, and in
doing so, democratize this technology of our time. This book is
about comparing the qualities of FPGA - their speed performance,
area and power consumption, against custom-fabricated ICs, and
exploring ways of mitigating their de ciencies. This work began as
a question that many have asked, and few had the resources to
answer - how much worse is an FPGA compared to a custom-designed
chip? As we dealt with that question, we found that it was far more
dif cult to answer than we anticipated, but that the results were
rich basic insights on fundamental understandings of FPGA
architecture. It also encouraged us to nd ways to leverage those
insights to seek ways to make FPGA technology better, which is what
the second half of the book is about. While the question "How much
worse is an FPGA than an ASIC?" has been a constant sub-theme of
all research on FPGAs, it was posed most directly, some time around
May 2004, by Professor Abbas El Gamal from Stanford University to
us - he was working on a 3D FPGA, and was wondering if any real
measurements had been made in this kind of comparison. Shortly
thereafter we took it up and tried to answer in a serious way.
Between 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany systematically destroyed an
estimated 100 million books throughout occupied Europe, an act that
was inextricably bound up with the murder of 6 million Jews. By
burning and looting libraries and censoring ""un-German""
publications, the Nazis aimed to eradicate all traces of Jewish
culture along with the Jewish people themselves.""The Holocaust and
the Book"" examines this bleak chapter in the history of printing,
reading, censorship, and libraries. The topics include the
development of Nazi censorship policies, the celebrated library of
the Vilna ghetto, the confiscation of books from the Sephardic
communities in Rome and Salonika, the experience of reading in the
ghettos and concentration camps, the rescue of Polish incunabula,
the uses of fine printing by the Dutch underground, and the
suppression of Jewish books and authors in the Soviet Union.
Several authors discuss the continuing relevance of Nazi book
burnings to the present day, with essays on German responses to
Friedrich Nietzsche and the destruction of Bosnian libraries in the
1990s.The collection also includes eyewitness accounts by Holocaust
survivors and a translation of Herman Kruk's report on the Vilna
ghetto library. An annotated bibliography offers readers a concise
guide to research in this growing field.
Reveals the experience of reading in many cultures and across the
ages Covers pornography and the origins of the transgender movement
Explores everyday reading in Nazi Germany Analyses prison reading
Examines reading in revolutionary societies and occupied nations
Subversive Readers explores the strategies used by readers to
question authority, challenge convention, resist oppression, assert
their independence and imagine a better world. This kind of
insurgent reading may be found everywhere: in revolutionary France
and Nazi Germany, in Eastern Europe under Communism and in
Australian and Iranian prisons, among eighteenth-century women
reading history and nineteenth-century men reading erotica, among
postcolonial Africans, the blind, and pioneering transgender
activists.
Reveals the experience of reading in many cultures and across the
ages Covers reading practices from China in the 6th century BCE to
Britain in the 18th century Employs a range of methodologies from
close textual analysis to quantitative data on book ownership
Examines a wide range of texts and ways of reading them from
English poetry and funeral elegies to translated books in Peru
Challenges period-based models of readership history Early Readers
presents a number of innovative ways through which we might capture
or infer traces of readers in cultures where most evidence has been
lost. It begins by investigating what a close analysis of extant
texts from 6th-century BCE China can tell us about contemporary
reading practices, explores the reading of medieval European women
and their male medical practitioner counterparts, traces readers
across New Spain, Peru, the Ottoman Empire and the Iberian world
between 1500 and 1800, and ends with an analysis of the
surprisingly enduring practice of reading aloud.
In September 2008, the government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs)
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were placed into conservatorship and
dividend payments on common and preferred shares were suspended. As
a result, share prices fell to nearly zero and many banks across
the country lost the value of their investments in the preferred
shares. We estimate more than 600 depository institutions in the
United States were exposed to at least $8 billion in investment
losses from these securities. In addition, fifteen failures and two
distressed mergers either directly or indirectly resulted from the
takeover. Since these GSE investments were considered to be safe
investments by banks, regulators, and rating agencies, we consider
these losses to be exogenous shocks to bank capital, and use this
event to examine the relationship between community bank condition
and lending during this crisis. We find that in the quarter
following the takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the measured
Tier 1 capital ratio at exposed banks fell about three percent on
average, and loan growth at exposed banks with median
capitalization was about 2 percentage points lower compared to
other banks in the following quarter. Consequently, considering the
set of community banks that incurred about $2 billion in
GSE-related losses, and assuming that each bank reduced loan growth
by 2 percentage points, the estimated aggregate lending drop among
these banks would be roughly $4 billion.
In medicine, there is a clear trend towards individualized
therapies, for cancer and other diseases. Individualized treatment
planning for cancer, particularly in radiotherapy and light
therapies, is a complex optimization problem. As analytical inverse
planning solutions do not exist for light therapies, a large number
of light delivery configurations must be evaluated to find one that
best conforms to the clinical target (e.g., a tumour). An integral
part of this optimization is the accurate computation of light
dose, ideally using Monte Carlo (Me simulations for realistic, 3-D
modelling. This text explores two hardware-accelerated solutions to
overcome the general speed limitation of MC simulations: (1)
designing custom hardware on field-programmable gate arrays, and
(2) creating highly parallel software on graphics processing units
(GPUs). Notably, a speedup of over 1000x was achieved on four GPUs
compared to a state-of-the-art CPU. As the Monte Carlo method is
used in many fields such as radiation medicine, this text also
includes the GPU MC code package and is of interest to scientists,
engineers, and medical professionals exploring real-time treatment
planning solutions.
The 18th century was a wealth of knowledge, exploration and rapidly
growing technology and expanding record-keeping made possible by
advances in the printing press. In its determination to preserve
the century of revolution, Gale initiated a revolution of its own:
digitization of epic proportions to preserve these invaluable works
in the largest archive of its kind. Now for the first time these
high-quality digital copies of original 18th century manuscripts
are available in print, making them highly accessible to libraries,
undergraduate students, and independent scholars.The Age of
Enlightenment profoundly enriched religious and philosophical
understanding and continues to influence present-day thinking.
Works collected here include masterpieces by David Hume, Immanuel
Kant, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, as well as religious sermons and
moral debates on the issues of the day, such as the slave trade.
The Age of Reason saw conflict between Protestantism and
Catholicism transformed into one between faith and logic -- a
debate that continues in the twenty-first century.++++The below
data was compiled from various identification fields in the
bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an
additional tool in helping to insure edition identification:
++++British LibraryT185983York: printed by Grace White, 1718. 51,
1]p.; 4
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