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This book, now in its fifth edition, is the first in a series of
three books that teach the fundamentals of embedded systems as
applied to the ARM(r) Cortex -M family of microcontrollers. This
fifth edition focuses on the LaunchPads based on both the TM4C123
and TM4C1294 microcontrollers. This first volume is an introduction
to computers and interfacing focusing on assembly language and C
programming. The second volume, Embedded Systems: Real-Time
Interfacing to ARM Cortex-M Microcontrollers, focuses on
hardware/software interfacing and the design of embedded systems.
The third volume, Embedded Systems: Real-Time Operating Systems for
ARM Cortex-M Microcontrollers, is an advanced book focusing on
operating systems, high-speed interfacing, control systems, and
robotics. The third volume could also be used for professionals
wishing to design or deploy a real-time operating system onto an
ARM platform. This first book is an introductory book that could be
used at the college level with little or no prerequisites. An
embedded system is a system that performs a specific task and has a
computer embedded inside. A system is comprised of components and
interfaces connected together for a common purpose. This book is an
introduction to embedded systems. Specific topics include
microcontrollers, fixed-point numbers, the design of software in
assembly language and C, elementary data structures, programming
input/output including interrupts, analog to digital conversion,
digital to analog conversion. This book employs many approaches to
learning. It will not include an exhaustive recapitulation of the
information in data sheets. First, it begins with basic
fundamentals, which allows the reader to solve new problems with
new technology. Second, the book presents many detailed design
examples. These examples illustrate the process of design. There
are multiple structural components that assist learning.
Checkpoints, with answers in the back, are short easy to answer
questions providing immediate feedback while reading. Simple
homework, with answers to the odd questions on the web, provides
more detailed learning opportunities. The book includes an index
and a glossary so that information can be searched. The most
important learning experiences in a class like this are of course
the laboratories. Each chapter has suggested lab assignments. More
detailed lab descriptions are available on the web. Specifically
for this volume, look at the lab assignments for EE319K. For Volume
2 refer to the EE445L labs, and for Volume 3, look at the lab
assignments for EE445M/EE380L.6. There is a web site accompanying
this book http: //users.ece.utexas.edu/ valvano/arm. Posted here
are Keil uVision(r) and Texas Instruments Code Composer Studio
projects for each of the example programs in the book. You will
also find data sheets and Excel spreadsheets relevant to the
material in this book. The book will cover embedded systems for
ARM(r) Cortex -M microcontrollers with specific details on the
LM3S1968, TM4C123, and TM4C1294. Most of the topics can be run on
any of these microcontrollers. In these books the terms LM3S LM4F
and TM4C will refer to families of microcontrollers from Texas
Instruments. Although the example designed are specific for the
TM4C123, it will be possible to use these books for other ARM
derivatives."
This book, published December 2013 as a third edition, is the
second in a series of three books that teach the fundamentals of
embedded systems as applied to ARM Cortex-M microcontrollers. The
three books are primarily written for undergraduate electrical and
computer engineering students. They could also be used for
professionals learning the ARM platform. The first book Embedded
Systems: Introduction to ARM Cortex-M Microcontrollers is an
introduction to computers and interfacing focusing on assembly
language and C programming. This second book focuses on interfacing
and the design of embedded systems. The third book Embedded
Systems: Real-Time Operating Systems for ARM Cortex-M
Microcontrollers is an advanced book focusing on operating systems,
high-speed interfacing, control systems, and robotics. An embedded
system is a system that performs a specific task and has a computer
embedded inside. Topics include microcontrollers, design,
verification, hardware/software synchronization, interfacing
devices to the computer, timing diagrams, real-time systems, data
collection and processing, motor control, analog and digital
filters, and real-time signal processing. In general, the area of
embedded systems is an important and growing discipline within
electrical and computer engineering. The educational market of
embedded system is dominated by simple microcontrollers like the
PIC, 9S12, and 8051. This is because of their market share, low
cost, and historical dominance. However, as problems become more
complex, so must the systems that solve them. A number of embedded
system paradigms must shift in order to accommodate this growth in
complexity. First, the number of calculations per second will
increase from about 1 million/sec to 1 billion/sec. Similarly, the
number of lines of software code will also increase from thousands
to millions. Thirdly, systems will involve multiple
microcontrollers supporting many simultaneous operations. Lastly,
the need for system verification will continue to grow as these
systems are deployed into safety critical applications. These
changes are more than a simple growth in size and bandwidth. These
systems must employ parallel programming, DMA synchronization,
real-time operating systems, fault tolerant design, priority
interrupt handling, and networking. Consequently, it will be
important to provide our students with these types of design
experiences. The ARM platform is both low cost and provides the
high performance features required in future embedded systems. The
ARM market share is currently large and growing. Furthermore,
students trained on the ARM will be equipped to design systems
across the complete spectrum from simple to complex. The purpose of
writing this book at this time is to bring engineering education
into the 21st century. This book employs many approaches to
learning. It will not include an exhaustive recapitulation of the
information in data sheets. First, it begins with basic
fundamentals, which allows the reader to solve new problems with
new technology. Second, the book presents many detailed design
examples. These examples illustrate the process of design. There
are multiple structural components that assist learning.
Checkpoints, with answers in the back, are short easy to answer
questions providing immediate feedback while reading. Simple
homework, with answers to the odd questions on the web, provide
more detailed learning opportunities. The book includes an index
and a glossary so that information can be searched. The most
important learning experience in a class like this are of course
the laboratories. Each chapter has suggested lab assignments. More
detailed lab descriptions are available on the web. The book will
cover embedded systems for the ARM Cortex-M with specific details
on the LM3S1968, LM3S8962, and TM4C123. Although the solutions are
specific for the Stellaris LM3S and Tiva TM4C, it will be possible
to use this book for other ARM derivatives.
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