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This insightful and timely book considers the role of great-power
competition in what has come to be known as gray zone conflict.
Based on cutting-edge empirical research, it addresses the
question: how can interactions between adversaries in international
crises be managed in ways which avoid dangerous escalation? Drawing
together diverse perspectives, an interdisciplinary team of
academics and policy analysts take a data-driven approach to
analyzing international crises over the past 100 years. Taking the
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine as a backdrop for critical
evaluation, chapters examine US and NATO approaches to the
management of escalation in asymmetric conflicts. Ultimately, the
book identifies areas where classical deterrence theory is
incompatible with the realities of the contemporary conflict
environment, and proposes innovative tools for managing crises in
the future. Providing historical overviews of escalation management
in international crises, this comprehensive book is essential
reading for students and scholars of international politics,
international relations, terrorism and security, and foreign
policy, particularly those studying Chinese, Russian and US
strategic decision making. It will also be beneficial to policy
analysts, military leaders, and journalists focusing on
contemporary international issues.
Current conceptions of mediation can often fail to capture the
complexity and intricacy of modern conflicts. This Research
Handbook addresses this problem by presenting the leading expert
opinions on international mediation, examining how international
mediation practices, mechanisms and institutions should adapt to
the changing characteristics of contemporary international crises.
Chapters consider the challenges facing the international community
when aiming to achieve lasting resolutions in intrastate and
interstate conflicts during acute periods of crisis and potential
or actual violence escalation. The authors also provide much-needed
context for 'gray zone conflict', the actions of non-state actors,
gender dynamics and biases that hinder mediation. The
ever-expanding role of mediation means authors also cover human
security, climate diplomacy and cyber disputes. Using extensive
analysis of salient cases as well as quantitative studies of
aggregate trends, this Research Handbook is the vital reference
work for mediation in contemporary international politics. The
concluding chapter explores the overarching themes and key policy
recommendations from the leading voices in mediation. An essential
reference for postgraduate researchers of international politics,
this Research Handbook provides both quantitative and qualitative
analysis to further case knowledge for research. In addition, the
case studies and concluding chapter will be a much-needed resource
for policymakers and practitioners in defence policy and peace
advocacy due to their emphasis on lessons learned and best
practice. Contributors include: P. Aall, Z. Bakaki, J.A. Bangerter,
M. Barrett, K. Beardsley, D. Belo, T. Boehmelt, A. Boutellis, M.
Brecher, D. Carment, A.B. Celik, K. Christie, C.A. Crocker, D.E.
Cunningham, K. DeRouen Jr., P.F. Diehl, Y. Duman, S.S. Gartner, M.
Gelfand, S. Gent, Z. Goncz, J.M. Greig, F.O. Hampson, E. Hoffman,
P.T. Hopmann, L. Hultman, L. Kemp, R.C. Maness, M.M. Melin, E.J.
Menninga, M. Nikolko, P. Olander, A.P. Owsiak, D. Quinn, L. Reid,
M. Sarver, N. Schreffler, J.A. Stevenson, I. Svensson, B.
Valeriano, S. Vukovic, P.B. White, J. Wilkenfeld, M.-J. Zahar, I.W.
Zartman
Current conceptions of mediation can often fail to capture the
complexity and intricacy of modern conflicts. This Research
Handbook addresses this problem by presenting the leading expert
opinions on international mediation, examining how international
mediation practices, mechanisms and institutions should adapt to
the changing characteristics of contemporary international crises.
Chapters consider the challenges facing the international community
when aiming to achieve lasting resolutions in intrastate and
interstate conflicts during acute periods of crisis and potential
or actual violence escalation. The authors also provide much-needed
context for 'gray zone conflict', the actions of non-state actors,
gender dynamics and biases that hinder mediation. The
ever-expanding role of mediation means authors also cover human
security, climate diplomacy and cyber disputes. Using extensive
analysis of salient cases as well as quantitative studies of
aggregate trends, this Research Handbook is the vital reference
work for mediation in contemporary international politics. The
concluding chapter explores the overarching themes and key policy
recommendations from the leading voices in mediation. An essential
reference for postgraduate researchers of international politics,
this Research Handbook provides both quantitative and qualitative
analysis to further case knowledge for research. In addition, the
case studies and concluding chapter will be a much-needed resource
for policymakers and practitioners in defence policy and peace
advocacy due to their emphasis on lessons learned and best
practice. Contributors include: P. Aall, Z. Bakaki, J.A. Bangerter,
M. Barrett, K. Beardsley, D. Belo, T. Boehmelt, A. Boutellis, M.
Brecher, D. Carment, A.B. Celik, K. Christie, C.A. Crocker, D.E.
Cunningham, K. DeRouen Jr., P.F. Diehl, Y. Duman, S.S. Gartner, M.
Gelfand, S. Gent, Z. Goncz, J.M. Greig, F.O. Hampson, E. Hoffman,
P.T. Hopmann, L. Hultman, L. Kemp, R.C. Maness, M.M. Melin, E.J.
Menninga, M. Nikolko, P. Olander, A.P. Owsiak, D. Quinn, L. Reid,
M. Sarver, N. Schreffler, J.A. Stevenson, I. Svensson, B.
Valeriano, S. Vukovic, P.B. White, J. Wilkenfeld, M.-J. Zahar, I.W.
Zartman
Recent generations have experienced dramatic improvements in the
quality of human life across the globe. Wars between states are
fought less frequently and are less lethal. Food is more plentiful
and more easily accessed. In most parts of the world, birthrates
are down and life expectancy up. Significantly fewer people live in
extreme poverty, relative to the overall population. Statistics
would argue that the human race has never before flourished as it
has in this moment. And yet, even with this progress, we face a
number of seemingly intractable challenges to the welfare of both
states and individuals, including: Governmental instability
undermining the lives of citizens, both within and beyond their
borders; Persistent and recurring intrastate conflict due to
ineffective conflict management strategies; Marginally successful
development efforts and growing income inequality, both within and
between nations, as a result of uncoordinated and ineffective
global development strategies; Internecine conflict in multiethnic
societies, manifested by exclusion, discrimination, and ultimately
violence, the inevitable consequence of an insufficient focus on
managing the inherent tensions in diverse societies; Global climate
change with the possibility of catastrophic long-term consequences,
following an inability to effectively come to terms with and
respond to the impact of human activity on our environment. These
challenges require a newly collaborative, intentional, and
systematic approach. This book offers a blueprint for how to get
there, calling for increased leadership responsibility, clarity of
mission, and empowerment of states and individuals. It is designed
to transform lofty but often vague agendas into concrete,
measurable progress. It believes in the capacity of humanity to
rise to the occasion, to come together to address these
increasingly critical global problems, and offers one way forward.
Recent generations have experienced dramatic improvements in the
quality of human life across the globe. Wars between states are
fought less frequently and are less lethal. Food is more plentiful
and more easily accessed. In most parts of the world, birthrates
are down and life expectancy up. Significantly fewer people live in
extreme poverty, relative to the overall population. Statistics
would argue that the human race has never before flourished as it
has in this moment. And yet, even with this progress, we face a
number of seemingly intractable challenges to the welfare of both
states and individuals, including: Governmental instability
undermining the lives of citizens, both within and beyond their
borders; Persistent and recurring intrastate conflict due to
ineffective conflict management strategies; Marginally successful
development efforts and growing income inequality, both within and
between nations, as a result of uncoordinated and ineffective
global development strategies; Internecine conflict in multiethnic
societies, manifested by exclusion, discrimination, and ultimately
violence, the inevitable consequence of an insufficient focus on
managing the inherent tensions in diverse societies; Global climate
change with the possibility of catastrophic long-term consequences,
following an inability to effectively come to terms with and
respond to the impact of human activity on our environment. These
challenges require a newly collaborative, intentional, and
systematic approach. This book offers a blueprint for how to get
there, calling for increased leadership responsibility, clarity of
mission, and empowerment of states and individuals. It is designed
to transform lofty but often vague agendas into concrete,
measurable progress. It believes in the capacity of humanity to
rise to the occasion, to come together to address these
increasingly critical global problems, and offers one way forward.
This new book shows how international crises are dangerous episodes
that can be destabilizing not only to the actors directly involved
but also to the entire international system. Recognizing the
primacy of crises as defining moments in international relations,
scholars and policy makers alike are increasingly concerned with
identifying mechanisms for crisis prevention, management and
resolution. Mediating International Crises is the first
comprehensive study into one such mechanism that has been used with
increasing frequency in the 20th Century: mediation by a third
party. This important research attempts to determine whether third
party mediation is an effective means of alleviating or managing
the turbulent and violent consequences of crises. The authors
examine three approaches to mediation: facilitation communication
between parties, formulating possible agreements and manipulating
the parties through sanctions or rewards. They explore how these
mediation approaches affect crisis outcomes through sanctions or
rewards The book begins with a thorough discussion of the
theoretical literature on mediation, with particular attention paid
to the important distinction between crisis management and conflict
resolution. The authors then provide empirical analyses of
instances of mediation in 20th century international crises, which
is supplemented with data derived from simulated negotiation
settings with human subjects.
This new book shows how international crises are dangerous episodes
that can be destabilizing not only to the actors directly involved
but also to the entire international system. Recognizing the
primacy of crises as defining moments in international relations,
scholars and policy makers alike are increasingly concerned with
identifying mechanisms for crisis prevention, management and
resolution. Mediating International Crises is the first
comprehensive study into one such mechanism that has been used with
increasing frequency in the 20th Century: mediation by a third
party. This important research attempts to determine whether third
party mediation is an effective means of alleviating or managing
the turbulent and violent consequences of crises. The authors
examine three approaches to mediation: facilitation communication
between parties, formulating possible agreements and manipulating
the parties through sanctions or rewards. They explore how these
mediation approaches affect crisis outcomes through sanctions or
rewards The book begins with a thorough discussion of the
theoretical literature on mediation, with particular attention paid
to the important distinction between crisis management and conflict
resolution. The authors then provide empirical analyses of
instances of mediation in 20th century international crises, which
is supplemented with data derived from simulated negotiation
settings with human subjects.
"Peace and Conflict" is a biennial publication that provides
cutting-edge data and analysis concerning domestic and
international conflicts and corresponding peacebuilding
activities.Regular features of the book include chapters that
forecast the future risks of political and social instability, as
well as report trends and patterns in conflict, democratization,
and terrorism.The special theme of the 2014 edition is the trend
toward focusing on the micro level in the study of conflict and
peacebuilding. Chapters addressing this theme examine the finely
grained relationships observed below the level of nation-states,
with attention to key topics such as ethnicity, climate, foreign
aid, sexual violence, mass atrocities, and humanitarian and
reconstruction responses. "Peace and Conflict" is a large-format,
full-color resource with numerous graphs, tables, maps, and
appendices dedicated to the visual and summary presentation of
information. Crisp narratives are highlighted with pull-quote
extracts emphasizing major findings."Peace and Conflict 2014" was
featured on Fareed Zakaria GPS, Found HereAlso see Zakaria's
article in the "Washington Post"Found Here
Peace and Conflict is a biennial publication that provides
cutting-edge data and analysis concerning domestic and
international conflicts and corresponding peacebuilding activities.
The book include forecasts of risks of political and social
instability, as well as trends and patterns in conflict. The 2014
edition focusses on the 'micro level' in the study of conflict and
peacebuilding, such as social relationships below the level of the
nation-state, with attention to key topics such as ethnicity,
climate change, foreign aid and sexual violence. Peace and Conflict
is a large-format, full-color resource with numerous graphs,
tables, maps, and appendices dedicated to the visual and summary
presentation of information. Crisp narratives are highlighted with
pull-quote extracts emphasizing major findings.
The process of negotiation, standing as it does between war and
peace in many parts of the globe, has never been a more vital
process to understand than in today's rapidly changing
international system. Students of negotiation must first understand
key IR concepts as they try to incorporate the dynamics of the many
anomalous actors that regularly interact with conventional state
agents in the diplomatic arena. This hands-on text provides an
essential introduction to this high-stakes realm, exploring the
impact of complex multilateralism on traditional negotiation
concepts such as bargaining, issue salience, and strategic choice.
Using an easy-to-understand board game analogy as a framework for
studying negotiation episodes, the authors include a rich array of
real-world cases and examples-now updated with the results of the
Paris climate change agreement-to illustrate key themes, including
the intensity of crisis situations for negotiators, the role of
culture in communication, and the impact of domestic-level politics
on international negotiations. Providing tools for analyzing why
negotiations succeed or fail, this innovative text also presents
effective exercises and learning approaches that enable students to
understand the complexities of negotiation by engaging in the
diplomatic process themselves.
The process of negotiation, standing as it does between war and
peace in many parts of the globe, has never been a more vital
process to understand than in today's rapidly changing
international system. Students of negotiation must first understand
key IR concepts as they try to incorporate the dynamics of the many
anomalous actors that regularly interact with conventional state
agents in the diplomatic arena. This hands-on text provides an
essential introduction to this high-stakes realm, exploring the
impact of complex multilateralism on traditional negotiation
concepts such as bargaining, issue salience, and strategic choice.
Using an easy-to-understand board game analogy as a framework for
studying negotiation episodes, the authors include a rich array of
real-world cases and examples to illustrate key themes, including
the intensity of crisis situations for negotiators, the role of
culture in communication, and the impact of domestic-level politics
on international negotiations. Providing tools for analyzing why
negotiations succeed or fail, this innovative text also presents
effective exercises and learning approaches that enable students to
understand the complexities of negotiation by engaging in the
diplomatic process themselves.
As the twentieth century draws to a close, it is time to look back
on an epoch of widespread turmoil, including two world wars, the
end of the colonial era in world history, and a large number of
international crises and conflicts. This book is designed to shed
light on the causes and consequences of military-security crises
since the end of World War I, in every region, across diverse
economic and political regimes, and cultures. The primary aim of
this volume is to uncover patterns of crises, conflicts and wars
and thereby to contribute to the advancement of international peace
and world order. The culmination of more than twenty years of
research by Michael Brecher and Jonathan Wilkenfeld, the book
analyzes crucial themes about crisis, conflict, and war and
presents systematic knowledge about more than 400 crises,
thirty-one protracted conflicts and almost 900 state participants.
The authors explore many aspects of conflict, including the ethnic
dimension, the effect of different kinds of political
regimes--notably the question whether democracies are more peaceful
than authoritarian regimes, and the role of violence in crisis
management. They employ both case studies and aggregate data
analysis in a Unified Model of Crisis to focus on two levels of
analysis--hostile interactions among states, and the behavior of
decision-makers who must cope with the challenge posed by a threat
to values, time pressure, and the increased likelihood that
military hostilities will engulf them. This book will appeal to
scholars in history, political science, sociology, and economics as
well as policy makers interested in the causes and effects of
crises in international relations. The rich data sets will serve
researchers for years to come as they probe additional aspects of
crisis, conflict and war in international relations. Michael
Brecher is R. B. Angus Professor of Political Science, McGill
University. Jonathan Wilkenfeld is Professor and Chair of the
Department of Government and Politics, University of Maryland. They
are the coauthors of Crises in the Twentieth Century: A Handbook of
International Crisis, among other books and articles.
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