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The increasing diversity of population of the United States
presents many challenges to conducting health research that is
representative and informative. Dispersion and accessibility issues
can increase logistical costs; populations for which it is
difficult to obtain adequate sample size are also likely to be
expensive to study. Hence, even if it is technically feasible to
study a small population, it may not be easy to obtain the funding
to do so. In order to address the issues associated with improving
health research of small populations, the National Academies of
Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop in January
2018. Participants considered ways of addressing the challenges of
conducting epidemiological studies or intervention research with
small population groups, including alternative study designs,
innovative methodologies for data collection, and innovative
statistical techniques for analysis. Table of Contents Front Matter
1 Introduction and Background 2 What Do We Mean by "Small
Populations"? 3 Challenges in Using Available Data for Small
Population Health Research 4 Techniques Used in Survey Research to
Identify and Find Small Populations for Health Research 5 New and
Emerging Designs for Intervention Studies 6 Recruitment, Retention,
and Collection of Data 7 Analysis Techniques for Small Population
Research 8 Closing Remarks Appendix A: Agenda and List of
Participants Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Steering
Committee and Speakers Committee on National Statistics
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Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations (Paperback)
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Population, Committee on Understanding the Well-Being of Sexual and Gender Diverse Populations; Edited by Jordyn White, …
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R2,173
Discovery Miles 21 730
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Ships in 12 - 17 working days
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The increase in prevalence and visibility of sexually gender
diverse (SGD) populations illuminates the need for greater
understanding of the ways in which current laws, systems, and
programs affect their well-being. Individuals who identify as
lesbian, gay, bisexual, asexual, transgender, non-binary, queer, or
intersex, as well as those who express same-sex or -gender
attractions or behaviors, will have experiences across their life
course that differ from those of cisgender and heterosexual
individuals. Characteristics such as age, race and ethnicity, and
geographic location intersect to play a distinct role in the
challenges and opportunities SGD people face. Understanding the
Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations reviews the available evidence
and identifies future research needs related to the well-being of
SDG populations across the life course. This report focuses on
eight domains of well-being; the effects of various laws and the
legal system on SGD populations; the effects of various public
policies and structural stigma; community and civic engagement;
families and social relationships; education, including school
climate and level of attainment; economic experiences (e.g.,
employment, compensation, and housing); physical and mental health;
and health care access and gender-affirming interventions. The
recommendations of Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+
Populations aim to identify opportunities to advance understanding
of how individuals experience sexuality and gender and how sexual
orientation, gender identity, and intersex status affect SGD people
over the life course. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary PART
I: BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT Prologue 1 Introduction 2 Health and
Well-Being in Diverse Populations: Frameworks and Concepts PART II:
UNDERSTANDING SEXUAL AND GENDER DIVERSE POPULATIONS 3 Demography
and Public Attitudes of Sexual and Gender Diverse Populations 4
Current State of Data Collection PART III; DOMAINS OF WELL-BEING 5
Law and Legal Systems 6 Public Policy and Structural Stigma 7
Community and Civic Engagement 8 Families and Social Relationships
9 Educational Environments 10 Economic Well-Being 11 Physical and
Mental Health 12 Coverage, Access, and Utilization of
Evidence-Based Health Care PART IV: RESEARCH NEEDS 13
Recommendations Appendix A: Summary of Prior Related National
Academies Reports and Activities Appendix B: Agenda: Public Seminar
on Amplifying Visibility and Increasing Capacity for Sexual and
Gender Diverse Populations Appendix C: Biographical Sketches of
Committee Members and Staff
The drylands region shared by the United States and Mexico
currently faces multiple sustainability challenges at the
intersection of the human and natural systems. Warming and drying
conditions threaten surface water and groundwater availability,
disrupt land- and marine-based livelihood systems, and challenge
the sustainability of human settlements. These biophysical
challenges are exacerbated by a highly mobile and dynamic
population, volatile economic and policy conditions, increased
exposure to extreme events, and urbanization on marginal,
vulnerable lands. The U.S. National Academies of Sciences,
Engineering, and Medicine collaborated with the Mexican Academy of
Sciences, Academy of Engineering, and the National Academy of
Medicine to plan a 2-day binational workshop, Advancing
Sustainability of U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Drylands. The workshop
goals were to highlight the challenges facing the region, assess
the scientific and technical capacity that each nation can bring to
bear in addressing these challenges, and identify new opportunities
for binational research collaboration and coordinated management
approaches in the advancement of sustainability science and
development. This publication summarizes the presentations and
discussions from the workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter 1
Introduction and Background 2 Understanding the Transboundary
Drylands Region 3 Four Key Topics 4 Innovations and Solutions in
Sustainability Science for Drylands Areas 5 Key Themes and Possible
Next Step Appendix A Agenda Appendix B Participants Appendix C
Biographical Sketches of Steering Committee Members and Presenters
In the U.S. criminal justice system in 2014, an estimated 2.2
million people were in incarcerated or under correctional
supervision on any given day, and another 4.7 million were under
community supervision, such as probation or parole. Among all U.S.
adults, 1 in 31 is involved with the criminal justice system, many
of them having had recurring encounters. The ability to measure the
effects of criminal justice involvement and incarceration on health
and health disparities has been a challenge, due largely to limited
and inconsistent measures on criminal justice involvement and any
data on incarceration in health data collections. The presence of a
myriad of confounding factors, such as socioeconomic status and
childhood disadvantage, also makes it hard to isolate and identify
a causal relationship between criminal justice involvement and
health. The Bureau of Justice Statistics collects periodic health
data on the people who are incarcerated at any given time, but few
national-level surveys have captured criminal justice system
involvement for people previously involved in the system or those
under community supervision?nor have they collected systematic data
on the effects that go beyond the incarcerated individuals
themselves. In March 2016 the National Academies of Sciences,
Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop meant to assist the
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
(ASPE) and Office of the Minority Health (OMH) in the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services in identifying measures of
criminal justice involvement that will further their understanding
of the socioeconomic determinants of health. Participants
investigated the feasibility of collecting criminal justice
experience data with national household-based health surveys. This
publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the
workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 Defining
Criminal Justice Involvement 3 Effects of Criminal Justice
Involvement on Individuals, Families, and Communities 4 Criminal
Justice Involvement and Health 5 Asking Criminal Justice
Involvement Questions 6 Measuring Criminal Justice Contact and
Incarceration Experience in Health Surveys 7 Alternative Approaches
to Criminal Justice Measurement 8 Key Themes and Possible Next
Steps References Appendix A: Workshop Agenda Appendix B:
Biographical Sketches of Steering Committee Members and Speakers
Committee on National Statistics
The border region shared by the United States and Mexico is
currently experiencing multiple crises on both sides that present
challenges to safeguarding the region's sustainable natural
resources and to ensuring the livelihoods of its residents. These
challenges are exacerbated by stressors including global climate
change, increasing urbanization and industrialization and attendant
air and water-quality degradation, and rapid population growth.
Navigating these challenges and preserving the area?s cultural
richness, economy, and ecology will require building strategic
partnerships that engage a broad range of stakeholders from both
countries. To navigate these challenges, the U.S. National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, together with the
Mexican Academy of Sciences (Academia Mexicana de Ciencias),
Mexican Academy of Engineering (Academia de Ingenier?a de M?xico),
and Mexican National Academy of Medicine (Academia Nacional de
Medicina de M?xico), appointed a committee of experts from the
United States and Mexico to conduct a consensus study. Advancing
United States-Mexico Binational Sustainability Partnerships
incorporates features of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development, in particular, Sustainable Development
Goal (SDG) 17. SDG 17 calls for revitalizing global partnerships
for sustainable development. It is specifically focused on the
advancement of multi-stakeholder partnerships that require
coordination and collaboration among diverse stakeholders in
pursuit of a common and mutually beneficial vision. With attention
to SDG 17, this report draws on social science theory and applied
research on partnerships to explore potential strategies and
mechanisms to increase coordination between relevant government
agencies, the private sector, and civil society in the United
States and Mexico. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary 1
Introduction 2 Sustainability Partnerships 3 Opportunities and
Challenges for U.S.Mexico Sustainability Partnerships 4 Recommended
Strategies for Effective Partnerships Appendix A: Stakeholder
Information Questionnaire Appendix B: Webinar Agenda Appendix C:
Committee Member and Staff Biographies Appendix D: Characteristics
of the Binational Region Appendix E: Acronym List
Human trafficking has many names and can take many forms - pimp
control, commercial sex, exploitation, forced labor, modern
slavery, child labor, and several others - and the definitions vary
greatly across countries and cultures, as well as among
researchers. In the United States, the Trafficking Victims
Protection Act (TVPA) is the cornerstone of counter-trafficking
efforts. It provides guidance for identifying and defining human
trafficking, and it authorizes legislation and appropriations for
subsequent counter-trafficking measures both within and outside of
the federal government. First enacted in 2000, the TVPA has since
been reauthorized by three administrations, and it includes a
directive for the President to establish an Interagency Task Force
to Monitor and Combat Trafficking. The subsequent Frederick
Douglass Trafficking Victims Prevention and Protection
Reauthorization Act of 2018 also includes provisions for victim
services and plans to enhance collaboration efforts to fight
trafficking abroad. To explore current and innovative sampling
methods, technological approaches, and analytical strategies for
estimating the prevalence of sex and labor trafficking in
vulnerable populations, a 2-day public workshop, Approaches to
Estimating the Prevalence of Human Trafficking in the United
States, was held in Washington, D.C. in April 2019. The workshop
brought together statisticians, survey methodologists, researchers,
public health practitioners, and other experts who work closely
with human trafficking data or with the survivors of trafficking.
Participants addressed the current state of research on human
trafficking, advancements in data collection, and gaps in the data.
They discussed international practices and global trends in human
trafficking prevalence estimation and considered ways in which
collaborations across agencies and among the U.S. government and
private-sector organizations have advanced counter-trafficking
efforts. This proceedings summarizes the presentations and
discussions of the workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter 1
Introduction 2 Before Measuring: Identifying Victims and
Understanding Vulnerability 3 Domestic Approaches to Measuring
Prevalence 4 International Approaches to Measuring Prevalence 5
Collecting Human Trafficking Prevalence Data 6 Linking Prevalence
to Policy 7 Key Takeaways and Additional Areas of Focus Appendix A:
Workshop Agenda Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Planning
Committee Members and Presenters Committee on National Statistics
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