Drug problems present sharp challenges for policing and democracy in the European Union. Across Europe, there has been a 'harmonisation' of tougher anti-trafficking measures (exceptional legal powers, more intrusive policing methods, cooperation on intelligence). Yet there is diversity in national and city-level policies on drug users (often stressing social integration rather than punishment). These hard/soft policies towards traffickers/users collide at 'open drug scenes', invoking disparate and often volatile responses. The collection presents vivid experiences of drug policy-making at city, regional, national and Union levels. It goes on to examine future prospects for drug control within the EU, in confederal and intergovernmental contexts, following the Union's 1996 Conference. Finally, international dimensions are examined. Action against money laundering is both commended and criticised. EU policies on trade, development and drug control in the Andean region are examined, together with the somewhat mixed prospects for drug enforcement in the context of EU enlargement.

This volume brings together scholars and practitioners specialising in juvenile justice from the US, Europe, alongside scholars from Africa and Asia who are working on human rights issues in developing countries or countries in transition. The book thus presents two types of papers, the first being descriptive and analytical academic papers on whole systems of juvenile justice or certain parts thereof (e.g., aftercare, restorative justice, etc.). These topics are presented as essential for the development of new juvenile justice systems. The second group of papers deal with efforts to promote reform through international activity (PRI, DCI, DIHR), and through efforts to utilise modern theory in national reforms in developing countries (Malawi, Nepal, and Serbia) or in countries experiencing current or recent political and systemic changes or developments (South Africa, Germany, and Poland). The volume is also intended to throw light on recent trends in juvenile crime in various countries, the relationship between actual developments and popular and political perceptions and reactions to such developments, including the efforts to locate effective alternatives to the incarceration of young offenders. At the same time as the search for such alternatives is being intensified through international exchange and experimentation, the amelioration of harsh measures against juvenile law violators is often countered by political and public outcries for security and demonstrative public intervention against misbehavior. A streak of new moralism is clearly discernable as a counteracting force against more humane reform efforts. The volume throws light on developments in the actual parameters of juvenile offending, public and political demands for security and public intervention, and measures to provide interventions which are at the same time compatible with international human rights instruments.

This collection presents vivid experiences of drug policy-making at city, regional, national, and Union levels.

This volume brings together scholars and practitioners specialising in juvenile justice from the US and Europe alongside scholars from Africa and Asia who are working on human rights issues in developing countries or countries in transition. The book presents two types of papers: descriptive and analytical academic papers on whole systems of juvenile justice or aspects of those systems (e.g., aftercare, restorative justice, etc.) and papers which deal with efforts to promote reform through international activity (PRI, DCI, DIHR), and through efforts to utilise modern theory in national reforms in developing countries (Malawi, Nepal, and Serbia) or in countries experiencing current or recent political and systemic changes or developments (South Africa, Germany, and Poland). The volume is also intended to throw light on recent trends in juvenile crime in various countries, the relationship between actual developments and popular and political perceptions and reactions to such developments (including efforts to find alternatives to the incarceration of young offenders). A streak of new moralism is clearly discernable as a counteracting force against more humane reform efforts. The volume throws light on developments in the actual parameters of juvenile offending, public and political demands for security and public intervention, and measures to provide interventions which are at the same time compatible with international human rights instruments.