In 1976 a late Mesolithic Ertebolle settlement (c.5000 BC) and a slightly later male burial in a dug-out canoe, were discovered off the southern coast of Denmark. Small-scale investigations by the Langeland Museum and volunteer divers led to a full-scale excavation of the submerged remains in 1990-1. This volume publishes the findings of the excavations with a detailed discussion of the geology and topography of the area, the methods used and developed to record and recover material, as well as descriptions of the structures, finds and environmental remains. Reports on flint and other stone objects, bone and antler artefacts, wood, seeds, fruits, pottery are all included. The evidence from the Mollegabet II site is then placed within a regional context as the authors examine other near contemporary finds in the waters off the southern coast.