This book introduces machine learning and its applications in smart environments/cities. At this stage, a comprehensive understanding of smart environment/city applications is critical for supporting future research. This book includes chapters written by researchers from different countries across the globe and identifies critical threads in research and also gaps that open up new and challenging lines of research for the future. Recent advances are discussed, and thorough reviews introduce readers to critical domains. The discussion on key research topics presented in this book accelerates smart city and smart environment implementations based on IoT technologies. Consequently, this book supports future research activities aimed at developing future IoT architectures for smart environments/cities.

'Context' is defined as 'any information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity'. Nowadays, the increasing availability of communication networks, the miniaturization and progressive reduction in the cost of sensors and the penetration of advanced mobile personal devices make possible to collect and process data from multiple sources and combine them in order to automatically infer knowledge about the user's situation.

Thus, the CONTEXTS Workshop aims at gathering advances on key elements that enable the design and deployment of personalized ubiquitous context-aware services and natural non-intrusive methods for interaction. The Workshop is organized and funded by the CONTEXTS Programme, one of the largest cooperative research initiatives in Madrid, with the participation of institutions from all over Spain and with the support of international experts. The CONTEXTS Programme focuses on advancing the key elements in frontier communications and location technologies, data processing and multisensor fusion and paradigms for intelligent/adaptative management, which make feasible the development of advanced personalized applications for ambient intelligence."