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Particles have for the longest time been ignored by linguistic
research. School-type grammars ignored them since they did not fit
into pre-conceived notions of categories, and since they did not
seem to enter into grammatical relations commonly discussed in the
genre. Only in the last century did some publications discuss
particles - and even then only from the perspective of their
discourse and pragmatic functions, i.e. their dependance on certain
previous contexts, and concluded that the function of particles for
the grammar of sentences and their interpretation remains obscure.
The current volume presents 11 new articles that take a fresh look
at particles: As it turns out, particles inform many aspects of
syntax and semantics, too - both diachronically and synchronically:
Particles are shown to have fascinating syntactic properties with
respect to projection, locality, movement and scope. Their
interpretative contributions can be studied with the rigorous
methods of formal semantics. Cross-linguistic and diachronic
investigations shed new light on the genesis and development of
these intriguing - and under-estimated - kinds of lexical elements.
Syntactic complexity has always been a matter of intense
investigation in formal linguistics. Since complex syntax is
clearly evidenced by sentential embedding and since embedding of
one clause/phrase in another is taken to signal recursivity of the
grammar, the capacity of computing syntactic complexity is of
central interest to the recent hypothesis that syntactic recursion
is the defining property of natural language. In the light of more
recent claims according to which complex syntax is not a universal
property of all living languages, the issue of how to detect and
define syntactic complexity has been revived with a combination of
classical and new arguments. This volume contains contributions
about the formal complexity of natural language, about specific
issues of clausal embedding, and about syntactic complexity in
terms of grammar-external interfaces in the domain of language
acquisition.
German is a language which has received a lot of attention in
linguistics, and data from German had a substantial in?uence on the
formation of linguistic theory. The in?uence this language had so
far on psycholinguistics and on s- tactic processing in particular
is much more limited, although the last 10 years have seen a
growing interest in psycholinguistic investigations of German. The
present monograph will build on earlier work and develop it further
toward an account of syntactic comprehension on the basis of
theoretical as well as - perimental investigations. The verb-?nal
nature, the free order of constituents, and the morphological Case
system of German offer a rich domain for exp- rations which will be
shown to reshape our knowledge about human sentence processing in
general. Much of the research which led to this monograph has been
carried out at theFriedrichSchiller
UniversityJenaandhasbeenconcluded atKonstanzU- versity. Our
research has been supported between 1997 and 2005 by grant Ba
1178/4 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under the title
L- guage Comprehension and Variable Word Order - Syntactic and
Extrasyntactic Factors in Processing German Sentences. We are
indebted to the DFG for this continuous support over the years, and
in particular to Dr. Manfred Briegel and Dr. Susanne Anschutz for
their administrative help."
Directionality and Logical Form provides a detailed treatment of
the syntax of focusing particles, such as only and even in a
cross-linguistic perspective. The derivation of logical forms is
shown to be under the control, not only of the ECP and subjacency,
but also of directionality of government and the particular
word-order parameter that holds in a given language: head-final
languages systematically disallow certain derivations or readings
that are available in head-initial languages. The reason is that
heads that deviate in their selection properties from canonical
head-finality project a directionality barrier. Various strategies
are explored by which this barrier can be circumvented. Although
the theory is developed mainly on the basis of the head position in
German, it can be directly used to explain constraints on the scope
of Wh-in-situ in Bengali and closely related languages. Audience:
Syntacticians and semanticists interested in parametric variation,
as well as linguists working on Germanic and/or Indo-Aryan
languages.
Directionality and Logical Form provides a detailed treatment of
the syntax of focusing particles, such as only and even in a
cross-linguistic perspective. The derivation of logical forms is
shown to be under the control, not only of the ECP and subjacency,
but also of directionality of government and the particular
word-order parameter that holds in a given language: head-final
languages systematically disallow certain derivations or readings
that are available in head-initial languages. The reason is that
heads that deviate in their selection properties from canonical
head-finality project a directionality barrier. Various strategies
are explored by which this barrier can be circumvented. Although
the theory is developed mainly on the basis of the head position in
German, it can be directly used to explain constraints on the scope
of Wh-in-situ in Bengali and closely related languages. Audience:
Syntacticians and semanticists interested in parametric variation,
as well as linguists working on Germanic and/or Indo-Aryan
languages.
German is a language which has received a lot of attention in
linguistics, and data from German had a substantial in?uence on the
formation of linguistic theory. The in?uence this language had so
far on psycholinguistics and on s- tactic processing in particular
is much more limited, although the last 10 years have seen a
growing interest in psycholinguistic investigations of German. The
present monograph will build on earlier work and develop it further
toward an account of syntactic comprehension on the basis of
theoretical as well as - perimental investigations. The verb-?nal
nature, the free order of constituents, and the morphological Case
system of German offer a rich domain for exp- rations which will be
shown to reshape our knowledge about human sentence processing in
general. Much of the research which led to this monograph has been
carried out at theFriedrichSchiller
UniversityJenaandhasbeenconcluded atKonstanzU- versity. Our
research has been supported between 1997 and 2005 by grant Ba
1178/4 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under the title
L- guage Comprehension and Variable Word Order - Syntactic and
Extrasyntactic Factors in Processing German Sentences. We are
indebted to the DFG for this continuous support over the years, and
in particular to Dr. Manfred Briegel and Dr. Susanne Anschutz for
their administrative help."
Das Studium von Dialekten stellt einen wichtigen Bereich in der
vergleichenden Syntaxforschung dar, der aber in bezug auf die
germanischen Sprachen bislang noch stark vernachlassigt ist. Mit
dieser Sammlung von dialektsyntaktischen Arbeiten soll ein Anfang
gemacht werden, dialektale Varietaten des Deutschen, Friesischen,
Jiddischen und Niederlandischen hinsichtlich neuerer Entwicklungen
der Syntaxtheorie zu untersuchen. Den theoretischen Rahmen bildet
bei der Mehrzahl der Beitrage die Prinzipien- und Parametertheorie,
die sich in der vergleichenden Syntaxforschung bewahrt hat.
Grammatische Phanomene, die thematisiert werden, umfassen klitische
Pronomina, das Kasussystem, Infinitivkonstruktionen, Wortstellung
und Kongruenz."
Ich moechte Werner Deutsch und Antje Meyer fur die
wissenschaftliche Unterstutzung bei der Vorbereitung der
Manuskripte fur den Druck danken, Sylvia Aal und Yves Fuchs fur das
Schreiben einiger der Beitrage, Edith Sjoerdsma fur ihre Mithilfe
bei der Bewaltigung der Korrespondenz sowie dem Westdeutschen
Verlag fur die rasche Erstellung der Druckfassung und die
unburokratische Abwicklung. Last not least sei Gunther Grewendorf
genannt, der die Idee aufgebracht hat, einen solchen Band zu
machen. Verschiedene Abbildungen und Tabellen in dem Beitrag von de
Bieser, Bayer & Luzzatti erscheinen mit der freundlichen
Genehmigung anderer Verlage: Abb. 1 erscheint mit Genehmigung der
Plenum Publishing Corporation; Abb. 2 und 3 sowie Tab. 2 erscheinen
mit Genehmigung von Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd.; AbbA und 5
sowie Tab. 1 erscheinen mit Genehmigung von Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates Ltd. J. B. 2 Vorwort "Cognitive science seils well"
(Beispielsatz aus van Riemsdijk & Williams (1986), Introduction
to the Theory 01 Grammar) Der vorliegende Band versteht sich als
Beitrag zur "cognitive science", genauer ge- nommen zur
Psycholinguistik. Im Reizwort, kognitiv' schwingt etwas Modisches
mit. Es zieht an und stoesst ab. Es verspricht etwas Spannendes,
Unbekanntes, aber man denkt sich schon im vorhinein mit Nestroy,
dass der Fortschritt mal wieder kleiner sein wird als er aussieht.
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This
IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced
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occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor
pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original
artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe
this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections,
have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing
commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We
appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the
preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
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