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Because of altered investment priorities, policymakers in socialist
countries can no longer increase the resources devoted to
agriculture as they have in the past. Instead, they must seek
alternative means of improving agricultural performance. One
approach has been to change the structure of socialist agriculture
and to foster organizational changes within agricultural units. The
contributors to this volume evaluate such reforms and weigh their
implications for agricultural output and trade. They examine the
normless links being introduced in the USSR and compare Soviet
experiences with the successes of Chinese and Hungarian
reorganizations; describe and analyze the changes being implemented
in the German Democratic Republic, Yugoslavia, and Vietnam; and pay
particular attention to the role of Polish agriculture in the
production crisis and to agriculture's potential for improving
Poland's overall economic performance. The contributors also
address issues of infrastructure development, the incentives being
developed to foster more efficient allocation of resources within
the agricultural sector, and the likely growth of East-West and
intra-socialist agricultural trade.
Designed for various types of college courses, this book discusses
the interpretation of statistical data in such fields as the
economy, business, demography, housing, health, education and
crime.
Economic restructuring in Eastern Europe has added a new universe
of firms to the pool of cases for study of managerial
effectiveness. Yet, in the ideologically charged atmosphere of
post-communist transitions, analysis of the functioning of East
European firms is sometimes clouded by preoccupation with
privatization issues -- whether ownership is held by banks, a state
or public agency, foreign investors, or inside or outside
shareholders. This volume focuses on the performance of firms as a
measure of the effectiveness of corporate governance, and only then
attempts to draw conclusions about the relative advantages of
different ownership structures.
The essays in this volume document the serious shortcomings of the
Hungarian economic reform, which in two decades has brought
deteriorating economic performance, declining real wages, a fiscal
deficit and severe inflationary pressures. It has proved
unexpectedly difficult to substitute a regulated market economy for
a centrally planned one. The authors of these essays argue that the
problems stem from the incompleteness of the reforms and their
compromise character. Today, as the Hungarians prepare to implement
more radical measures, constraining the Communist party and rolling
back state ownership, they do so under economically difficult
conditions.
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