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Identity and Social Change examines the thorny problem of modern
identity. Trenchant critiques have come from identity politics,
focusing on the construction of difference and the solidarity of
minorities, and from academic deconstructions of modern
subjectivity. This volume places identity in a broader sociological
context of destabilizing and reintegrating forces. The contributors
first explore identity in light of economic changes, consumerism,
and globalization, then focus on the question of identity
dissolution. Zygmunt Bauman examines the effects of consumerism and
considers the constraints these place on the disadvantaged. Drawing
together discourses of the body and globalization, David Harvey
considers the growth of the wage labour system worldwide and its
consequences for worker consciousness. Mike Featherstone outlines a
rethinking of citizenship and identity formation in light of the
realities of globalization and new information technologies. Part
two opens with Robert Dunn's examination of cultural
commodification and the attenuation of social relations. He argues
that the media and marketplace are part of a general
destabilization of identity formation. Kenneth Gergen maintains
that proliferating communications technologies undermine the
traditional conceptions of self and community and suggest the need
for a new base for building the moral society. In the final
chapter, Harvie Ferguson argues that despite the contemporary
infatuation with irony, the decline of the notion of the self as an
inner depth effectively severs the long connection between irony
and identity.
There has been a veritable explosion of writing in recent years
about the concept of identity. Amidst this outpouring, the most
influential writing has emerged from identity politics and academic
postmodernism. These movements focus on the construction of
difference, the solidarity of marginal groups, and the
epistemological status of the subject. While of far-reaching
significance, these movements have also led to a general neglect of
the structural and institutional forces behind a wider problem of
identity. Identity and Social Change moves beyond these dominant
trends to explore neglected but critical terrain. The contributors
place the problem of identity in a broader context and approach the
formation of identity in a social rather than discursive framework.
The volume is divided into two parts. The first explores identity
and subjectivity in light of economic changes, new technologies,
consumerism, and globalization, while the second focuses on the
much-discussed question of identity dissolution. Zygmunt Bauman
examines the effects of consumerism on experiences of time,
distance, and place, and considers the constraints these place on
the disadvantaged. Drawing together disparate discourses of
globalization and the body, David Harvey considers the explosive
growth of the wage labor system worldwide and its consequences for
worker subjectivity and a global proletariat. Mike Featherstone
outlines a rethinking of citizenship and identity-formation in
light of the realities of globalization and new information
technologies.
The second part opens with Robert G. Dunn's examination of
cultural commodification and the attenuation of self and social
relations, in which he argues that media, marketplace, and new
orders of experience point to a general destabilization of identity
formation. Kenneth J. Gergen argues that proliferating
communications technologies undermine the traditional conceptions
of self and community and suggest the need for a new base for
building the moral society. Analyzing psychotherapies that address
self-fragmentation. Harvie Ferguson argues that despite the
contemporary infatuation with irony, the decline of the notion of
the self as an inner depth effectively severs the long connection
between irony and identity. This important collection will be of
interest to professionals in psychology, sociology, and
communications.
Joseph E. Davis is program director at the Institute for Advanced
Studies in Culture, and research assistant professor of sociology
at the University of Virginia.
Do doctors fix patients? Or do they heal them? For all of modern
medicine's many successes, discontent with the quality of patient
care has combined with a host of new developments, from aging
populations to the resurgence of infectious diseases, which
challenge medicine's overreliance on narrowly mechanistic and
technical methods of explanation and intervention, or "fixing'
patients. The need for a better balance, for more humane "healing"
rationales and practices that attend to the social and
environmental aspects of health and illness and the experiencing
person, is more urgent than ever. Yet, in public health and
bioethics, the fields best positioned to offer countervailing
values and orientations, the dominant approaches largely extend and
reinforce the reductionism and individualism of biomedicine. The
collected essays in To Fix or To Heal do more than document the
persistence of reductionist approaches and the attendant extension
of medicalization to more and more aspects of our lives. The
contributors also shed valuable light on why reductionism has
persisted and why more holistic models, incorporating social and
environmental factors, have gained so little traction. The
contributors examine the moral appeal of reductionism, the larger
rationalist dream of technological mastery, the growing valuation
of health, and the enshrining of individual responsibility as the
seemingly non-coercive means of intervention and control. This
paradigm-challenging volume advances new lines of criticism of our
dominant medical regime, even while proposing ways of bringing
medical practice, bioethics, and public health more closely into
line with their original goals. Precisely because of the centrality
of the biomedical approach to our society, the contributors argue,
challenging the reductionist model and its ever-widening effects is
perhaps the best way to press for a much-needed renewal of our
ethical and political discourse.
Everyday suffering--those conditions or feelings brought on by
trying circumstances that arise in everyone's lives--is something
that humans have grappled with for millennia. But the last decades
have seen a drastic change in the way we approach it. In the past,
a person going through a time of difficulty might keep a journal or
see a therapist, but now the psychological has been replaced by the
biological: instead of treating the heart, soul, and mind, we take
a pill to treat the brain. Chemically Imbalanced is a field report
on how ordinary people dealing with common problems explain their
suffering, how they're increasingly turning to the thin and
mechanistic language of the "body/brain," and what these encounters
might tell us. Drawing on interviews with people dealing with
struggles such as underperformance in school or work, grief after
the end of a relationship, or disappointment with how their life is
unfolding, Joseph E. Davis reveals the profound revolution in
consciousness that is underway. We now see suffering as an
imbalance in the brain that needs to be fixed, usually through
chemical means. This has rippled into our social and cultural
conversations, and it has affected how we, as a society, imagine
ourselves and envision what constitutes a good life. Davis warns
that what we envision as a neurological revolution, in which
suffering is a mechanistic problem, has troubling and entrapping
consequences. And he makes the case that by turning away from an
interpretive, meaning-making view of ourselves, we thwart our
chances to enrich our souls and learn important truths about
ourselves and the social conditions under which we live.
Although philosophy, religion, and civic cultures used to help
people prepare for aging and dying well, this is no longer the
case. Today, aging is frequently seen as a problem to be solved and
death as a harsh reality to be masked. In part, our cultural
confusion is rooted in an inadequate conception of the human
person, which is based on a notion of absolute individual autonomy
that cannot but fail in the face of the dependency that comes with
aging and decline at the end of life. To help correct the ethical
impoverishment at the root of our contemporary social confusion,
The Evening of Life provides an interdisciplinary examination of
the challenges of aging and dying well. It calls for a
re-envisioning of cultural concepts, practices, and virtues that
embraces decline, dependency, and finitude rather than stigmatizes
them. Bringing together the work of sociologists, anthropologists,
philosophers, theologians, and medical practitioners, this
collection of essays develops an interrelated set of conceptual
tools to discuss the current challenges posed to aging and dying
well, such as flourishing, temporality, narrative, and friendship.
Above all, it proposes a positive understanding of thriving in old
age that is rooted in our shared vulnerability as human beings. It
also suggests how some of these tools and concepts can be deployed
to create a medical system that better responds to our contemporary
needs. The Evening of Life will interest bioethicists, medical
practitioners, clinicians, and others involved in the care of the
aging and dying. Contributors: Joseph E. Davis, Sharon R. Kaufman,
Paul Scherz, Wilfred M. McClay, Kevin Aho, Charles Guignon, Bryan
S. Turner, Janelle S. Taylor, Sarah L. Szanton, Janiece Taylor, and
Justin Mutter
Although philosophy, religion, and civic cultures used to help
people prepare for aging and dying well, this is no longer the
case. Today, aging is frequently seen as a problem to be solved and
death as a harsh reality to be masked. In part, our cultural
confusion is rooted in an inadequate conception of the human
person, which is based on a notion of absolute individual autonomy
that cannot but fail in the face of the dependency that comes with
aging and decline at the end of life. To help correct the ethical
impoverishment at the root of our contemporary social confusion,
The Evening of Life provides an interdisciplinary examination of
the challenges of aging and dying well. It calls for a
re-envisioning of cultural concepts, practices, and virtues that
embraces decline, dependency, and finitude rather than stigmatizes
them. Bringing together the work of sociologists, anthropologists,
philosophers, theologians, and medical practitioners, this
collection of essays develops an interrelated set of conceptual
tools to discuss the current challenges posed to aging and dying
well, such as flourishing, temporality, narrative, and friendship.
Above all, it proposes a positive understanding of thriving in old
age that is rooted in our shared vulnerability as human beings. It
also suggests how some of these tools and concepts can be deployed
to create a medical system that better responds to our contemporary
needs. The Evening of Life will interest bioethicists, medical
practitioners, clinicians, and others involved in the care of the
aging and dying. Contributors: Joseph E. Davis, Sharon R. Kaufman,
Paul Scherz, Wilfred M. McClay, Kevin Aho, Charles Guignon, Bryan
S. Turner, Janelle S. Taylor, Sarah L. Szanton, Janiece Taylor, and
Justin Mutter
Do doctors fix patients? Or do they heal them? For all of modern
medicine's many successes, discontent with the quality of patient
care has combined with a host of new developments, from aging
populations to the resurgence of infectious diseases, which
challenge medicine's overreliance on narrowly mechanistic and
technical methods of explanation and intervention, or "fixing'
patients. The need for a better balance, for more humane "healing"
rationales and practices that attend to the social and
environmental aspects of health and illness and the experiencing
person, is more urgent than ever. Yet, in public health and
bioethics, the fields best positioned to offer countervailing
values and orientations, the dominant approaches largely extend and
reinforce the reductionism and individualism of biomedicine. The
collected essays in To Fix or To Heal do more than document the
persistence of reductionist approaches and the attendant extension
of medicalization to more and more aspects of our lives. The
contributors also shed valuable light on why reductionism has
persisted and why more holistic models, incorporating social and
environmental factors, have gained so little traction. The
contributors examine the moral appeal of reductionism, the larger
rationalist dream of technological mastery, the growing valuation
of health, and the enshrining of individual responsibility as the
seemingly non-coercive means of intervention and control. This
paradigm-challenging volume advances new lines of criticism of our
dominant medical regime, even while proposing ways of bringing
medical practice, bioethics, and public health more closely into
line with their original goals. Precisely because of the centrality
of the biomedical approach to our society, the contributors argue,
challenging the reductionist model and its ever-widening effects is
perhaps the best way to press for a much-needed renewal of our
ethical and political discourse.
MISSION TO MOSG OW BT JOSEPH E. DAVIES UNITED ST X ES AMBASSADOR TO
THE SOVIET UNION FROM 1936 TO 1938 A record of confidential
dispatches to the State Department, official and personal
correspondence, current diary and journal entries, including notes
and comment up to October, 1941 LONDON VICTOR GOLLANCZ LIMITED 1945
TO TWO GREAT WOMEN MY MOTHER and MY WIFE First Published May Second
Impression June Third Impression September 1942 Fourth Impression
November 1942 Fifth Impression March 1943 Sixth Impression May 1943
Seventh Impression August 1943 Eighth Impression yanuary 1944 Ninth
Impression October 1944 Tenth Impression March PRINTKT IN GREAT
BRITAIN BY WTT. TJAVf QUOWBS AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BBGCJJBS
TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD V AUTHORS NOTE xi I. The Mission Begins
November z6 y iggfi-March 30, 1937 13 n. Washington and Points East
April 5-June so, 7957 98 HI. The Purge Hits the Red Army June
25-July Sf8 9 1937 109 iv. Russia Through Her Neighbours Eyes July
98-December 24 937 139 v. The Purge Hits Bukharin January i-Marck
17, 1938 172 vi. Moscow Hears the Drums of War March 14-April, 1938
185 vn. Climax of the Mission April 6-July 5, 1938 203 vm. Brief on
the Facts June 6, 1938 243 DC. Harvest of the Mission July 6 9
1938-October s8 1941 274 CHRONOLOGY 329 APPENDIX 341 Supplementary
Report on the Stalin Conversation 341 Footnote on Sweden 346 The
Baltic States Prepare for the Worst 348 Expert Report on Russias
War Industries 354 Inventory on Russias Richest Region 356
Memorandum on Soviet Industrial Regions 356 The Port of Odessa 364
Bread-baking hi Odessa 365 The Port of Batum 366 The Batum Oil
Refinery 367 The Soviet Atlantic City 374 Mountains of Cement at
Novorosbsk376 The Winery at Yalta 379 Recreation Gamps at Yalta 388
Collective Farms in the Ukraine 391 Documentation on the Demarche
that Failed 397 Documents on Debt and Trade Talks The Ambassadors
Farewell 41 1 We surely cannot deny to any nation that right
whereon our own government is founded that every one may govern
itself according to its own will, and that it may transact its
business through whatever organ it thinks proper, whether king,
convention, assembly, committee, preside or anything else it may
choose. THOMAS JEFI RSON FOREWORD IT was August 25, 1936. I
remember the date because it was my mothers birthday. I was up in
the Adirondacks. I received a long distance telephone call from my
old friend, Secretary Steve Early at the White House, saying that
the President wanted to see me. I went to Washington immediately.
The President received me hi the executive offices of the White
House. Over a lunch which was served to us on his office desk he
told me that he wanted to talk to me about a possible diplomatic
appointment abroad. The background of this situation is found in
the old days of Presi dent Wilsons dxninistration when we had been
young men together, devoted to the raogressive cause in the
Democratic Party, both before and dugfng the Wilson Administration.
A warm friendship had developedin those old days. We golfed
together as regularly as our work would permit, had much in common
in our political out look, and saw a great deal of each other. Even
in those days he was a marked man. Early in the Wilson
Administration we had an organization called the Common Counsel
Club, which brought us all together twice a month. It was similar
hi character to the Little Cabinet of later days.All of us saw in
this tall, handsome young Assistant Secretary of the Navy, the
future great progressive liberal whom we were all for in connection
with some future elec tion to the presidency. In all of his
political campaigns thereafter, along with these other men, I was
actively engaged in his interest along with Louis Howe and other
political managers. During all these years our friendship has been
both warm and steadfast. One of the strongest bonds of our
friendship was our mothers...
Since a new sensitivity and orientation to victims of injustice
arose in the 1960s, categories of victimization have proliferated.
Large numbers of people are now characterized and characterize
themselves as sufferers of psychological injury caused by the
actions of others. In contrast with the familiar critiques of
victim culture, "Accounts of Innocence" offers a new and
empirically rich perspective on the question of why we now place
such psychological significance on victimization in people's lives.
Focusing on the case of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse,
Joseph E. Davis shows how the idea of innocence shaped the
emergence of trauma psychology and continues to inform accounts of
the past (and hopes for the future) in therapy with survivor
clients. His findings shed new light on the ongoing debate over
recovered memories of abuse. They challenge the notion that victim
accounts are an evasion of personal responsibility. And they
suggest important ways in which trauma psychology has had
unintended and negative consequences for how victims see themselves
and for how others relate to them.
An important intervention in the study of victimization in our
culture, "Accounts of Innocence" will interest scholars of clinical
psychology, social work, and sociology, as well as therapists and
victim activists.
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