"The emphasis on change at many levels of organization is critically important as is the first attempt to integrate sophisticated theory and research in organization psychology (e.g., Gersick, Hackman) with social psychological models of development such as Moreland and Levine."

--Reuben M. Baron, Emeritus, University of Connecticut

"Arrow, McGrath, and Berdahl?s ?Small Groups as Complex Systems? will change the way you think about groups, the way you think about research, and even the way you think about science." --Donelson R. Forsyth, Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth U

"The book is excellent, one of those very rare works that will have substantial impact on the field. I would use the book without hesitation in any advanced graduate seminar dealing with groups."

--Donelson R. Forsyth, Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth U

"A conceptually elegant analysis of groups as systems. Although the systems approach has been growing more influential in various fields of social psychology in the last ten years, no one has put forward a definitive analysis that applies with fidelity the general systems approach to group processes. McGrath and his colleagues fill that gap, not by paying lip service to popular scientific concepts such as recursive causality, open systems, attractors, and complexity theory, but by fully integrating these concepts into their no-nonsense analysis of such group level processes as formation, task performance, composition, development, and termination. Empirical work is folded into the theoretical mix along the way, but the focus is unrelentingly conceptual with the result that the authors deliver on their promise of developing a powerful, unified theory of group dynamics."

--Donelson R. Forsyth, Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth U

"Theirs is an ambitious book. They have profound ramifications for experimental social psychology. It is worth mentioning that AMD (Arrow, McGrarth, and Berdahl) list an ethnographic approach, which often implies the adoption of hermeneutic and semiotic methods (a hallmark of the anti-Enlightenment tradition in psychology), as a possible way forward."

--Yoshihisa Kashima, American Journal of Psychology

What are groups? How do they behave? Arrow, McGrath, and Berdahl answer these questions by developing a general theory of small groups as complex systems. Basing their theory on concepts distilled from general systems theory, dynamical systems theory, and complexity and chaos theory, they explore groups as adaptive, dynamic systems that are driven by interactions among group members as well as between the group and its embedding contexts. In addition, they consider not only the group?s members and their distribution of attributes, but also the group?s tasks and technology in order to understand how those members, tasks, and tools are intertwined, coordinated, and adjusted. Throughout the book, the authors focus our attention on relationships among people, tools, and tasks that are activated by a combination of individual and collective purposes and goals that change and evolve as the group interacts over time.

"The emphasis on change at many levels of organization is critically important as is the first attempt to integrate sophisticated theory and research in organization psychology (e.g., Gersick, Hackman) with social psychological models of development such as Moreland and Levine."

--Reuben M. Baron, Emeritus, University of Connecticut

"Arrow, McGrath, and Berdahl?s ?Small Groups as Complex Systems? will change the way you think about groups, the way you think about research, and even the way you think about science." --Donelson R. Forsyth, Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth U

"The book is excellent, one of those very rare works that will have substantial impact on the field. I would use the book without hesitation in any advanced graduate seminar dealing with groups."

--Donelson R. Forsyth, Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth U

"A conceptually elegant analysis of groups as systems. Although the systems approach has been growing more influential in various fields of social psychology in the last ten years, no one has put forward a definitive analysis that applies with fidelity the general systems approach to group processes. McGrath and his colleagues fill that gap, not by paying lip service to popular scientific concepts such as recursive causality, open systems, attractors, and complexity theory, but by fully integrating these concepts into their no-nonsense analysis of such group level processes as formation, task performance, composition, development, and termination. Empirical work is folded into the theoretical mix along the way, but the focus is unrelentingly conceptual with the result that the authors deliver on their promise of developing a powerful, unified theory of group dynamics."

--Donelson R. Forsyth, Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth U

"Theirs is an ambitious book. They have profound ramifications for experimental social psychology. It is worth mentioning that AMD (Arrow, McGrarth, and Berdahl) list an ethnographic approach, which often implies the adoption of hermeneutic and semiotic methods (a hallmark of the anti-Enlightenment tradition in psychology), as a possible way forward."

--Yoshihisa Kashima, American Journal of Psychology

What are groups? How do they behave? Arrow, McGrath, and Berdahl answer these questions by developing a general theory of small groups as complex systems. Basing their theory on concepts distilled from general systems theory, dynamical systems theory, and complexity and chaos theory, they explore groups as adaptive, dynamic systems that are driven by interactions among group members as well as between the group and its embedding contexts. In addition, they consider not only the group?s members and their distribution of attributes, but also the group?s tasks and technology in order to understand how those members, tasks, and tools are intertwined, coordinated, and adjusted. Throughout the book, the authors focus our attention on relationships among people, tools, and tasks that are activated by a combination of individual and collective purposes and goals that change and evolve as the group interacts over time.

It is an excellent short introduction to issues of time, suitable for advanced undergraduate or graduate research methods course focusing on experimental and quasi-experimental designs. . . . An interesting introduction to the issues as seen by experimental social psychologists. . . . I'd recommend the book to any sociologists struggling with time-dependency issues. --Contemporary Sociology "This slim volume is rich in ideas which can be employed to clarify implicit and explicit theorising about time in sociological research methods. Similarly, used creatively and imaginatively, some of its considerations of experimental design and practice might be usefully transposed into the design and conduct of social surveys and field research." --The Journal of the British Sociological Association On Time and Method provides the first systematic, detailed examination of the impact of time on research methods. This original volume analyzes all the ways temporal factors can effect research results and interpretations, and explains how research can be strengthened by paying attention to such factors. This unique work first provides a theoretical base, laying out the interplay of temporal issues on the strategic, design, and operational levels of research. It then provides extended examples of the ways such factors operate in real-world research, and their consequences for such research programs. It closes with a collection of proven techniques and approaches which researchers can use to remove, reduce, or compensate for temporal effects. This cogent work provides valuable insights for all social scientists, and is essential reading for students of research methods.

It is an excellent short introduction to issues of time, suitable for advanced undergraduate or graduate research methods course focusing on experimental and quasi-experimental designs. . . . An interesting introduction to the issues as seen by experimental social psychologists. . . . I'd recommend the book to any sociologists struggling with time-dependency issues. --Contemporary Sociology "This slim volume is rich in ideas which can be employed to clarify implicit and explicit theorising about time in sociological research methods. Similarly, used creatively and imaginatively, some of its considerations of experimental design and practice might be usefully transposed into the design and conduct of social surveys and field research." --The Journal of the British Sociological Association On Time and Method provides the first systematic, detailed examination of the impact of time on research methods. This original volume analyzes all the ways temporal factors can effect research results and interpretations, and explains how research can be strengthened by paying attention to such factors. This unique work first provides a theoretical base, laying out the interplay of temporal issues on the strategic, design, and operational levels of research. It then provides extended examples of the ways such factors operate in real-world research, and their consequences for such research programs. It closes with a collection of proven techniques and approaches which researchers can use to remove, reduce, or compensate for temporal effects. This cogent work provides valuable insights for all social scientists, and is essential reading for students of research methods.