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Global health is at a crossroads. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development has come with ambitious targets for health and health
services worldwide. To reach these targets, many more billions of
dollars need to be spent on health. However, development assistance
for health has plateaued and domestic funding on health in most
countries is growing at rates too low to close the financing gap.
National and international decision-makers face tough choices about
how scarce health care resources should be spent. Should additional
funds be spent on primary prevention of stroke, treating childhood
cancer, or expanding treatment for HIV/AIDS? Should health coverage
decisions take into account the effects of illness on productivity,
household finances, and children's educational attainment, or just
focus on health outcomes? Does age matter for priority setting or
should it be ignored? Are health gains far in the future less
important than gains in the present? Should higher priority be
given to people who are sicker or poorer? Global Health
Priority-Setting provides a framework for how to think about
evidence-based priority-setting in health. Over 18 chapters,
ethicists, philosophers, economists, policy-makers, and clinicians
from around the world assess the state of current practice in
national and global priority setting, describe new tools and
methodologies to address establishing global health priorities, and
tackle the most important ethical questions that decision-makers
must consider in allocating health resources.
This volume offers a carefully argued, compelling theory of
bioethics while eliciting practical implications for a wide array
of issues including medical assistance-in-dying, the right to
health care, abortion, animal research, and the definition of
death. The authors' dual-value theory features mid-level
principles, a distinctive model of moral status, a subjective
account of well-being, and a cosmopolitan view of global justice.
In addition to ethical theory, the book investigates the nature of
harm and autonomous action, personal identity theory, and the
'non-identity problem' associated with many procreative decisions.
Readers new to particular topics will benefit from helpful
introductions, specialists will appreciate in-depth theoretical
explorations and a novel take on various practical issues, and all
readers will benefit from the book's original synoptic vision of
bioethics. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge
Core.
This volume offers a carefully argued, compelling theory of
bioethics while eliciting practical implications for a wide array
of issues including medical assistance-in-dying, the right to
health care, abortion, animal research, and the definition of
death. The authors' dual-value theory features mid-level
principles, a distinctive model of moral status, a subjective
account of well-being, and a cosmopolitan view of global justice.
In addition to ethical theory, the book investigates the nature of
harm and autonomous action, personal identity theory, and the
'non-identity problem' associated with many procreative decisions.
Readers new to particular topics will benefit from helpful
introductions, specialists will appreciate in-depth theoretical
explorations and a novel take on various practical issues, and all
readers will benefit from the book's original synoptic vision of
bioethics. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge
Core.
Interesting and important ethical questions confront researchers,
regulators, institutional review boards, support personnel, and
research participants committed to the ethical conduct of human
subjects research at all stages of research. Questions encompass -
but are not limited to - study design, enrolling participants,
balancing the clinical needs of participants against the research
agenda, ending trials, discharging post-trial obligations, and
resolving conflicts. Straightforward solutions to these types of
questions are often not found in regulations, ethics codes, or the
bioethics literature. These resources may leave room for
interpretation, offer conflicting guidance, or simply fail to
address particular questions. Ethics consultation, which has been
offered in clinical care settings with regularity since the 1980s,
has since the turn of the century increasingly been sought in the
clinical research context. Because there has only lately been
recognition that ethics consultants can play a valuable role
helping the research community conduct research in the most
ethically informed way, there are many open questions in the field
of research ethics consultation including the appropriate role of
consultants and the best methods of consultation. The Clinical
Center Bioethics Consultation Service has been serving the NIH
community of researchers, administrators, healthcare providers, and
research participants for more than a decade, conducting nearly
1,000 consultations in that time. In this book, members of the
Bioethics Consultation Service reflect on this long track-record
and unparalleled range of research ethics consultations to share a
collection of their most interesting and informative research
ethics consultations and to start a dialogue on remaining open
questions. Although the NIH experience is unique, this book focuses
on cases - and associated lessons - that are generalizable and
valuable for the entire clinical research community. This book will
be valuable to ethics consultants, clinical investigators, students
and teachers, and others desiring insight into clinical research
ethics and ethics consultation.
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