Soviet Russia will conquer all the millions of problems that stand in its way, on one condition: as long as the cause of the political education of the broad masses of the people continually advances. We have nothing to be afraid of, if our people fully learns to distinguish who are its friends and who are its enemies. The trial of the Socialist Revolutionaries must and shall be a great step forward in the cause of the political instruction of the very broadest masses in town and country. (Grigorii Zinov'ev, Pravda and Krasnaia gazeta, 20 June 1922) For my part, I considered this trial to be unnecessary: the Socialist Revolu tionaries had been beaten and represented no visible danger at all. (Charles Rappoport, Ma vie, Paris 1926-1927, Vol. 2, p. 80) The Bolsheviks seized power in Russia in October 1917 by staging a coup d'etat, and then established a dictatorship. The new rulers sup pressed all armed resistance in a bloody civil war, after which they made every effort to uproot and exterminate even peaceful political opposition of all kinds. Even now it is impossible in the Soviet Union to subject these developments to critical historical study. The political opponents of the Soviet regime of the time are still regarded by official Soviet his toriography as counter-revolutionaries and the measures taken against them are seen as completely justified."

Justice-a word of great simplicity and almost frightening scope. When we were invited to edit a volume on justice in law, we joked about the small topic we had been assigned. Often humor masks fear, and this was certainly one of those times. Throughout the project, we found daunting the task of covering even a fraction of the topics that usually fall under the umbrella of justice research in law. Ultimately, the organization of the book emerged from the writing of it. Our introductory chapter provides a road map to how the topics weave together, but as is so often the case it was written last, not ?rst. It was only when we had chapters in hand that we began to see how the many strands of justice research might be woven together. Chapters 2-4 on the basic forms of justice-procedural, retributive, and distributive-are the lynchpin of the volume; they provide the building blocks that permit us to think and write about each of the other substantive and applied chapters in terms of how they relate to the fundamental forms of justice. In the large central section of the volume (Chapters 5-9), the contributors address many ways in which the justice dimensions relate to one another. Most important for law is the relationship of perceptions of procedural justice and the two types of substantive justice-retributive and distributive.

Soviet Russia will conquer all the millions of problems that stand in its way, on one condition: as long as the cause of the political education of the broad masses of the people continually advances. We have nothing to be afraid of, if our people fully learns to distinguish who are its friends and who are its enemies. The trial of the Socialist Revolutionaries must and shall be a great step forward in the cause of the political instruction of the very broadest masses in town and country. (Grigorii Zinov'ev, Pravda and Krasnaia gazeta, 20 June 1922) For my part, I considered this trial to be unnecessary: the Socialist Revolu tionaries had been beaten and represented no visible danger at all. (Charles Rappoport, Ma vie, Paris 1926-1927, Vol. 2, p. 80) The Bolsheviks seized power in Russia in October 1917 by staging a coup d'etat, and then established a dictatorship. The new rulers sup pressed all armed resistance in a bloody civil war, after which they made every effort to uproot and exterminate even peaceful political opposition of all kinds. Even now it is impossible in the Soviet Union to subject these developments to critical historical study. The political opponents of the Soviet regime of the time are still regarded by official Soviet his toriography as counter-revolutionaries and the measures taken against them are seen as completely justified."

Justice-a word of great simplicity and almost frightening scope. When we were invited to edit a volume on justice in law, we joked about the small topic we had been assigned. Often humor masks fear, and this was certainly one of those times. Throughout the project, we found daunting the task of covering even a fraction of the topics that usually fall under the umbrella of justice research in law. Ultimately, the organization of the book emerged from the writing of it. Our introductory chapter provides a road map to how the topics weave together, but as is so often the case it was written last, not ?rst. It was only when we had chapters in hand that we began to see how the many strands of justice research might be woven together. Chapters 2-4 on the basic forms of justice-procedural, retributive, and distributive-are the lynchpin of the volume; they provide the building blocks that permit us to think and write about each of the other substantive and applied chapters in terms of how they relate to the fundamental forms of justice. In the large central section of the volume (Chapters 5-9), the contributors address many ways in which the justice dimensions relate to one another. Most important for law is the relationship of perceptions of procedural justice and the two types of substantive justice-retributive and distributive.

This innovative work treats law as the set of rules governing how people should act in society, and it demonstrates how the legal system attempts to deter antisocial behavior. Comprised of three sections. the book explores different ways in which law decides issues of responsibility, how cases are adjudicated, and theories of distributive justice and social change. Distinguished by its problem-oriented, topical perspective, "An Invitation to Law and Social Science" serves as an invaluable book for course in law and society, legal process, and the sociology of law.

This edition of the casebook remains sufficiently flexible to meet widely varying needs. It is appropriate to use in a two- or a three-hour course. The structure of the book permits omission of entire chapters or portions of chapters without disrupting the flow of the course. The book is arranged so that the core of products liability law is presented in the first six chapters, but the materials may also be taught out of order. Topics include misrepresentation and warranty law, defects and reasonableness, cause-in-fact, proof, proximate cause and damages. The remaining chapters cover core topics in products liability litigation. After a brief introduction, Chapters 1 and 2 address the application of misrepresentation and warranty law to products cases. These theories remain viable in most jurisdictions and in a few jurisdictions that never adopted the Restatement (Second) of Torts Section 402A, they remain at the core of modern products liability law. Chapters 3 and 4 address the development of modern products liability law and its defining characteristic: its focus on the concept of "defect" rather than the concept of reasonableness. Chapter 4 systematically presents materials on manufacturing, design and warning defects organized around Section 2 of the Restatement (Third) of Torts: Products Liability. Chapter 5 addresses cause-in-fact, especially the choice between the Second and Third restatements' approaches to cause-in-fact. Here as elsewhere the book does not attempt to reprise the coverage of causation in the first-year tort course, but rather focuses on the special cause-in-fact issues that typically emerge in product liability cases. Likewise, Chapters 6, 7 and 9 focus on the proof, proximate cause, and damages questions that most frequently arise in the products liability arena. The remaining chapters in the book cover the remaining core topics in products liability litigation: a) the effect of statutes and regulations b) apportionment of liability between plaintiff and defendant and among defendants in multi-party litigation c) the effect of statutes of limitations and repose d) parties and transactions that are covered and are not covered by products liability law e) complex litigation, including multidistrict litigation, class actions, and other forms of aggregate claim resolution.

This sixth edition, continuing the use of minimally edited cases, serves as a vehicle for teaching first-year students the essential techniques of case analysis and legal method. This edition has been substantially shortened so as to meet the needs of instructors who teach a three or four hour introductory tort course. Throughout, the book is modified to include developments in tort law since the fifth edition was published in 2012. For example, the intentional tort chapter recognizes and discusses the Restatement (Third) of Torts: Intentional Torts. The chapters on negligence and causation recognize and discuss cases relying on and referencing the Restatement (Third) of Torts: Liability for Physical & Emotional Harm. The chapter on duty reflects the framework by which courts think about duty. It brings together in one place all the areas of tort law that apply special duty rules. The Causation Chapter adds material on causation in toxic tort cases and the admissibility of expert witnesses after Daubert. The materials on products liability capture recent developments in that area. The Insurance Chapter incorporates the new restatement on insurance law. The chapter on tort reform updates the empirical research on the operation of the tort system and the effects of tort reform. CasebookPlus Hardbound - New, hardbound print book includes lifetime digital access to an eBook, with the ability to highlight and take notes, and 12-month access to a digital Learning Library that includes self-assessment quizzes tied to this book, leading study aids, an outline starter, and Gilbert Law Dictionary.

This magnificent volume is a clear and comprehensive review of the African mammalian fossil record over the past 65 million years. "Cenozoic Mammals of Africa" includes current taxonomic and systematic revisions of all African mammal taxa, detailed compilations of fossil site occurrences, and a wealth of information regarding paleobiology, phylogeny, and biogeography. Primates, including hominins, are particularly well covered. The discussion addresses the systematics of endemic African mammals, factors relating to species richness, and a summary of isotopic information. The work also provides contextual information about Cenozoic African tectonics, chrono stratigraphy of sites, paleobotany, and global and regional climate change. Updating our understanding of this important material with the wealth of research from the past three decades, this volume is an essential resource for anyone interested in the evolutionary history of Africa and the diversification of its mammals.

A study of Smith's life and work as well as the impact that his fiction has had upon literary culture.

This comprehensive book compares the intersection of political forces and legal practices in five industrial nations-the United States, England, France, Germany, and Japan. The authors, eminent political scientists and legal scholars, investigate how constitutional courts function in each country, how the adjudication of criminal justice and the processing of civil disputes connect legal systems to politics, and how both ordinary citizens and large corporations use the courts. For each of the five countries, the authors discuss the structure of courts and access to them, the manner in which politics and law are differentiated or amalgamated, whether judicial posts are political prizes or bureaucratic positions, the ways in which courts are perceived as legitimate forms for addressing political conflicts, the degree of legal consciousness among citizens, the kinds of work lawyers do, and the manner in which law and courts are used as social control mechanisms. The authors find that although the extent to which courts participate in policymaking varies dramatically from country to country, judicial responsiveness to perceived public problems is not a uniquely American phenomenon.

It is a fundamental human impulse to seek restitution or retribution when a wrong is done, yet individuals and societies assess responsibility and allocate punishment for wrongdoing in different ways. This book investigates how average citizens in the United States and Japan think about and judge various kinds of wrongdoing, how they determine who is responsible when things go wrong, and how they prefer to punish offenders. Drawing on the results of surveys they conducted in Detroit, Michigan, and Yokohama and Kanazawa, Japan, the authors compare both individual and cultural reactions to wrongdoing. They find that decisions about justice are influenced by whether or not there seems to be a social relationship between the offender and victim: the American tendency is to see actors in isolation while the Japanese tendency is to see them in relation to others. The Japanese, who emphasize the importance of role obligations and social ties, mete out punishment with the goal of restoring the offender to the social network. Americans, who acknowledge fewer "ties that bind" and have firmer convictions that evil resides in individuals, punish wrongdoers by isolating them from the community. The authors explore the implications of "justice among friends" versus "justice toward strangers" as approaches to the righting of wrongs in modern society. Their findings will be of interest to students of social psychology, the sociology of law, and Japanese studies.

Beginning in the mid 1970s the manufacturer of Benedictin was sued repeatedly over allegations that the drug--prescribed for pregnant women to overcome the effects of morning sickness--had caused birth defects. Yet in twenty years no one has collected any damages.
Joseph Sanders offers a comprehensive study of this litigation. Sanders looks at the cases from the different perspectives of the parties involved: attorneys, scientists, and juries. He discusses the role of lawyers in the development of claims and in the litigation, how scientific evidence is used in these trials, and the role of judges in managing and resolving these cases.
Increasingly, courts have decided who will bear the costs of the side effects of many products. These cases often involve thousands of individual law suits and present a variety of issues for the courts, including how to determine factual issues of causation, the value of claims, and how to fairly manage a large volume of claims. And yet the role of the judicial system in resolving liability issues involving large numbers of claims is highly controversial.
This book will appeal to scholars of the American judiciary and those interested in the role of courts in product liability matters.
Joseph Sanders is Professor of Law, University of Houston Law Center.