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In The Power of Partisanship, Joshua J. Dyck and Shanna
Pearson-Merkowitz argue that the growth in partisan polarization in
the United States, and the resulting negativity voters feel towards
their respective opposition party, has far-reaching effects on how
Americans behave both inside and outside the realm of politics. In
fact, no area of social life in the United States is safe from
partisan influence. As a result of changes in the media landscape
and decades of political polarization, voters are stronger
partisans than in the past and are more likely to view the
opposition party with a combination of confusion, disdain, and
outright hostility. Yet, little of this hostility is grounded in
specific policy preferences. Even ideology lacks meaning in the
United States: conservative and liberal are what Republicans and
Democrats have labeled "conservative" and "liberal." Dyck and
Pearson-Merkowitz show how partisanship influences the electorate's
support for democratic norms, willingness to engage in risk related
to financial and healthcare decisions, interracial interactions,
and previously non-political decisions like what we like to eat for
dinner. Partisanship prevents people from learning from their
interactions with friends or the realities of their neighborhoods,
and even makes them oblivious to their own economic hardship. The
intensity and pervasiveness of partisanship in politics today has
resulted in "political knowledge" becoming an endogenous feature of
strong partisanship and a poor proxy for anything but partisan
behavior. Dyck and Pearson-Merkowitz present evidence that pure
independents are, in fact, very responsive to information because
they are not biased by partisan elite cues and important and
relevant political information is often local, contextual, and
personal. Drawing on a series of original surveys and experiments
conducted between 2014 and 2020, Dyck and Pearson-Merkowitz show
how the dominance of partisanship as a decision cue has
fundamentally transformed our understanding of both political and
non-political behavior.
Arguments about the American ballot initiative process date back to
the Progressive Era, when processes allowing citizens to decide
policy questions directly were established in about half of the
states. When political scientists began to examine whether the
state ballot initiative process had spillover consequences, they
found the initiative process had a positive impact on civic
engagement. Recent scholarship casts doubt on these conclusions,
determining the ballot initiative process in fact did not make
people believe they could influence the political process, trust
the government, or be more knowledgeable about politics. However,
in some circumstances, it got them to show up at the polls, and
increased interest groups' participation in the political arena. In
this book, Dyck and Lascher develop and test a theory that can
explain evidence that the ballot initiative process fails to
provide the civic benefits commonly claimed for it, and evidence
that it increases political participation. This theory argues that
the basic function of direct democracy is to create more conflict
in society.
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