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Recent years have seen a growing interest in the application of
chalcogenide nanoparticles (NPs), e.g. Se, Te, CdSe and CdTe NPs,
in various industrial sectors including energy, petroleum refining
and in the field of biology and medicine. Moreover, due to the high
toxicity of chalcogen oxyanions, their release into the environment
is of great concern. Thus, emphasis was given in this study on the
development of a novel microbial synthesis process of chalcogenide
NPs by combining biological treatment of Se/Te containing
wastewaters with biorecovery in the form of Se NPs, Te NPs and CdSe
NPs. Enrichment of Se-oxyanion reducing microorganisms was carried
out to simultaneously remove selenite (Se(IV)) and cadmium (Cd(II))
from wastewaters by combining bioremediation of toxic Se-rich
wastewater with the biorecovery of Se as CdSe NPs. The results
showed compositional changes in the extracellular polymeric
substances (EPS) matrix of the anaerobic granular sludge upon
exposure to Cd(II) and Se(IV) and identified the roles of EPS
fractions in the biogenesis of CdSe NPs. Besides, it was found that
the EPS on the surface of the biogenic Se NPs play a major role in
lowering the bioavailability and toxicity of biogenic Se(0)
compared to chemogenic Se(0) NPs. An upflow anaerobic sludge
blanket (UASB) reactor was used for the first time to continuously
remove tellurite from wastewater and recover biogenic Te(0).
This book covers broader application of biotechnology for the
protection of environment through different bioremediation and
biodegradation techniques developed for removal of environmental
contaminants including the recently discovered contaminants. The
book offers a comprehensive overview of environmental pollutants
including their fate, behavior, environmental and associated health
risks. It is useful reading material for postgraduate and graduate
students of environmental biotechnology, environmental microbiology
and ecology. Young researchers also find the chapters useful
understanding the latest developments.
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