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The third edition of The Beast Within has been updated throughout
to include current scholarship, new discussion of definitions, and
fresh perspectives on critical animal theory that places animals,
rather than humans, at the center of the discourse. Organized
thematically, Salisbury incorporates many new sections and
subsections to reveal the multifaceted history of the relationship
between humans and animals: domestication, animal diseases and
pandemics, dogfights, cockfights, Islamic dietary restrictions,
menageries and zoos, and animals as entertainers. To show how
modern concerns have been informed by medieval precedents, sections
have been expanded to uncover medieval understandings of animal
sexuality, animals before the law, and vegetarianism and modern
'fake meat'. The logical narrative concludes with chapters on
'Animals as Humans' and 'Humans as Animals', demonstrating that the
lines between humans and animals have become increasingly blurred
from the fourth to the twenty-first century. With an
interdisciplinary approach that discusses humans and animals in
relation to domestication, symbolism, science, law, religion, food
and diet, sexuality, and entertainment, The Beast Within is an
essential resource for all students of animal history, literature,
and art in the Middle Ages.
This concise history of how the Christian Church grew between 32
and 380 focuses on the anonymous Christians who formed diverse
congregations as they guided their communities through the age of
the Apostles, violent martyrdoms, and to the establishment of the
Roman Church. Readers will understand why people converted to
Christianity in the first three centuries and learn about the rich
diversity of the early church as people interpreted the new
religion in different ways. This book explores how Christian
interactions with the Roman empire led to violent persecutions and
martyrdoms, and eventually the fourth-century establishment of the
top-down Roman Church. Readers also become familiar with Christian
texts during this period – some became Scripture and some were
rejected, but all were written to make sense of the Jewish and
Christian experience in the Roman Empire. These written memories
shaped the future of the church. It also explores how early
Christian lives were shaped by the religious rituals and preaching
of their new and changing faith. In addition, maps, illustrations,
and charts of Christian texts help tell this fascinating story. The
First Christian Communities, 32 - 380 CE is an accessible and
valuable resource suitable for students working on Christian
history, and Roman and Late Antique social, political and religious
history, as well as general readers who are interested in the
origins of Christianity.
This concise history of how the Christian Church grew between 32
and 380 focuses on the anonymous Christians who formed diverse
congregations as they guided their communities through the age of
the Apostles, violent martyrdoms, and to the establishment of the
Roman Church. Readers will understand why people converted to
Christianity in the first three centuries and learn about the rich
diversity of the early church as people interpreted the new
religion in different ways. This book explores how Christian
interactions with the Roman empire led to violent persecutions and
martyrdoms, and eventually the fourth-century establishment of the
top-down Roman Church. Readers also become familiar with Christian
texts during this period – some became Scripture and some were
rejected, but all were written to make sense of the Jewish and
Christian experience in the Roman Empire. These written memories
shaped the future of the church. It also explores how early
Christian lives were shaped by the religious rituals and preaching
of their new and changing faith. In addition, maps, illustrations,
and charts of Christian texts help tell this fascinating story. The
First Christian Communities, 32 - 380 CE is an accessible and
valuable resource suitable for students working on Christian
history, and Roman and Late Antique social, political and religious
history, as well as general readers who are interested in the
origins of Christianity.
In The Blood of Martyrs Joyce E. Salisbury chronicles the many
spectacles of violent martyrdom that took place during the first
three centuries of the Christian era, describing the role of
martyrdom in the development of the early Church, as well as its
continuing influence on many of today's ideas. Salisbury shows
through the engaging stories of the martyrs introduced in each
chapter, how their legacy continues to shape contemporary ideas.
Discussing modern martyrdom the book elicits deep lessons for the
present from the ancient past and outlining the possibility of a
religious future without violence. In The Blood of Martyrs,
Salisbury brings to life this tumultuous time in late antiquity and
sheds invaluable light on religious violence, modern martyrs, and
self-sacrifice.
The third edition of The Beast Within has been updated throughout
to include current scholarship, new discussion of definitions, and
fresh perspectives on critical animal theory that places animals,
rather than humans, at the center of the discourse. Organized
thematically, Salisbury incorporates many new sections and
subsections to reveal the multifaceted history of the relationship
between humans and animals: domestication, animal diseases and
pandemics, dogfights, cockfights, Islamic dietary restrictions,
menageries and zoos, and animals as entertainers. To show how
modern concerns have been informed by medieval precedents, sections
have been expanded to uncover medieval understandings of animal
sexuality, animals before the law, and vegetarianism and modern
'fake meat'. The logical narrative concludes with chapters on
'Animals as Humans' and 'Humans as Animals', demonstrating that the
lines between humans and animals have become increasingly blurred
from the fourth to the twenty-first century. With an
interdisciplinary approach that discusses humans and animals in
relation to domestication, symbolism, science, law, religion, food
and diet, sexuality, and entertainment, The Beast Within is an
essential resource for all students of animal history, literature,
and art in the Middle Ages.
Originally published in 1993, The Medieval World of Nature looks at
how the natural world was viewed by medieval society. The book
presents the argument that the pragmatic medieval view of the
natural world of animals and plants, existed simply to serve
medieval society. It discusses the medieval concept of animals as
food, labour, and sport and addresses how the biblical charge of
assuming dominion over animals and plants, was rooted in the
medieval sensibility of control. The book also looks at the idea of
plants and animals as not only pragmatic, but as allegories within
the medieval world, utilizing animals to draw morality tales, which
were viewed with as much importance as scientific information. This
book provides a unique and interesting look at the everyday
medieval world.
Originally published in 1991. Covering courtship, disclosure,
diversity, and public implications, the essays here discuss topics
such as erotic magic, nakedness, physicians' attitudes about sex,
boy-love, saints and sex, and the politics of sodomy, as they were
manifested in medieval Europe and the Middle East.
Originally published in 1990. Well-annotated bibliographical
entries cover works on history, religion, medicine, philosophy, law
and literature in western Europe from about the third century A.D.
through the end of the medieval period. The primary sources are
organised thematically, and separately from secondary sources.
Languages covered include English, Spanish, Portuguese, French,
German, Italian, and Latin. The focus is on sexuality and sexual
attitudes, not on the related topics of marriage and family.
Detailed indexes are also included.
Originally published in 1991. Covering courtship, disclosure,
diversity, and public implications, the essays here discuss topics
such as erotic magic, nakedness, physicians' attitudes about sex,
boy-love, saints and sex, and the politics of sodomy, as they were
manifested in medieval Europe and the Middle East.
Originally published in 1990. Well-annotated bibliographical
entries cover works on history, religion, medicine, philosophy, law
and literature in western Europe from about the third century A.D.
through the end of the medieval period. The primary sources are
organised thematically, and separately from secondary sources.
Languages covered include English, Spanish, Portuguese, French,
German, Italian, and Latin. The focus is on sexuality and sexual
attitudes, not on the related topics of marriage and family.
Detailed indexes are also included.
Originally published in 1993, The Medieval World of Nature looks at
how the natural world was viewed by medieval society. The book
presents the argument that the pragmatic medieval view of the
natural world of animals and plants, existed simply to serve
medieval society. It discusses the medieval concept of animals as
food, labour, and sport and addresses how the biblical charge of
assuming dominion over animals and plants, was rooted in the
medieval sensibility of control. The book also looks at the idea of
plants and animals as not only pragmatic, but as allegories within
the medieval world, utilizing animals to draw morality tales, which
were viewed with as much importance as scientific information. This
book provides a unique and interesting look at the everyday
medieval world.
In 203 AD a group of Christians in Carthage, North Africa, were
sentenced to the beasts in the arena. One of these, a twenty-two
year old young mother, wrote a diary while she was imprisoned
awaiting execution; later, this diary was completed by an observer
who described her death in the arena. This poignant and personal
narrative is the focus of this study of the conflict that resulted
in the martyrdom of Perpetua.
"Perpetua's Passion" studies the third-century martyrdom of a young
woman and places it in the intellectual and social context of her
age. Conflicting ideas of religion, family and gender are explored
as Salisbury follows Perpetua from her youth in a wealthy Roman
household to her imprisonment and death in the arena. The author
explores the ideas that shaped Perpetua's experience and the
memories that appeared in her dreams and text, including
metaphysical reflections, Carthaginian ideas of sacrificial
suicide, and early Christian praise of prophecy and passion.
"Perpetua's Passion" also encompasses more earthly dilemmas such as
family, gender roles and motherhood, using the experience of this
young martyr to explore these conflicting ideals and the conflict
of ideologies. This book examines concepts of martyrdom and memory
as her prison diary was preserved and read for centuries.
"Perpetua's Passion" provides insights into early Christian
communities and the spiritual aspirations that shaped the converts,
and will be of interest to classicists and medievalists, church
historians and anyone interested in spirituality and the origins of
Christianity.
This book studies the third-century martyrdom of a young woman and places it in the intellectual and social context of her age. Conflicting ideas of religion, family and gender are explored.
David Koresh and Jim Jones convinced their followers that suicide
that would lead to an idyllic afterlife. Suicide bombers call
themselves martyrs. But where did such ideas of martyrdom originate
and how have the martyrs of the past shaped today's public death
spectacles?
In "The Blood of Martyrs," historian Joyce Salisbury chronicles the
horrific displays of martyrdom during the first three centuries of
the Christian era, describing the role of martyrdom in the early
Church and its continuing influence on today's ideas.
For the Roman rulers, the elaborately staged dismembering of the
bodies of a growing religious minority was one of several futile
efforts to preserve the authority of a dying state. For pagan
spectators, the fearless Christians and their mysterious beliefs
exerted an attraction akin to the schadenfreude that draws millions
to today's "Survivor." For the Christians themselves, the martyrs'
sacrifice connected elements of ancient religion--blood offerings,
miracles, and folk rituals--with the metaphysical language of their
new faith.
Exploring a disturbing intersection of faith and murder, "The Blood
of Martyrs" shows how this torture led people to see the world as a
struggle of good against evil, a view that haunts our cultural
memory to this day, shaping our ideas of sacrifice, suicide, magic,
violence, and resurrection.
In Rome's Christian Empress, Joyce E. Salisbury brings the
captivating story of Rome's Christian empress to life. The daughter
of Roman emperor Theodosius I, Galla Placidia lived at the center
of imperial Roman power during the first half of the fifth century.
Taken hostage after the fall of Rome to the Goths, she was married
to the king and, upon his death, to a Roman general. The rare woman
who traveled throughout Italy, Gaul, and Spain, she eventually
returned to Rome, where her young son was crowned as the emperor of
the western Roman provinces. Placidia served as his regent, ruling
the Roman Empire and the provinces for twenty years. Salisbury
restores this influential, too-often forgotten woman to the center
stage of this crucial period. Describing Galla Placidia's life from
childhood to death while detailing the political and military
developments that influenced her-and that she influenced in
turn-the book relies on religious and political sources to weave
together a narrative that combines social, cultural, political, and
theological history. The Roman world changed dramatically during
Placidia's rule: the Empire became Christian, barbarian tribes
settled throughout the West, and Rome began its unmistakable
decline. But during her long reign, Placidia wielded formidable
power. She fended off violent invaders and usurpers who challenged
her Theodosian dynasty; presided over the dawn of the Catholic
Church as theological controversies split the faithful and church
practices and holidays were established; and spent fortunes
building churches and mosaics that incorporated prominent images of
herself and her family. Compulsively readable, Rome's Christian
Empress is the first full-length work to give this fascinating and
complex ruler her due.
The period we know as the Middle Ages, roughly the years 400-1400,
saw the formation of ideas and institutions that mark our modern
societies. Developments as disparate as the foundation of Islam and
the emergence of the middle class occurred during this pivotal
millennium. Although historical study of the Middle Ages has
traditionally focused on Western Europe, modern historians
recognize the complex global nature of this era. For all major
world regions, this important reference work offers in-depth essays
on broad themes, short entries on specific topics, and carefully
selected primary documents to help readers more fully understand
this critically important period. Edited by Joyce Salisbury, who is
general editor of the award-winning Greenwood Encyclopedia of Daily
Life, and written by Professor Salisbury and a series of prominent
historians with regional expertise, the Greenwood Encyclopedia of
Global Medieval Life and Culture comprises three volumes covering
the following areas of the globe: BLVolume 1: Europe and the
Americas Europe: Joyce Salisbury, University of Wisconsin--Green
Bay Latin America: James L. Fitzsimmons, Middlebury College
BLVolume 2: Islam and Africa Africa: Victoria Tashjian, St. Norbert
College Middle East/North Africa: James E. Lindsay, Colorado State
University BLVolume 3: Asia and Oceania South Asia: Raman Seylon,
Bridgewater State College East Asia: William B. Ashbaugh, SUNY
College at Oneonta Oceania: Nancy Sullivan, Consulting
Anthropologist based in Papua-New Guinea Each regional section
comprises seven in-depth essays covering the following broad topics
and concluding with bibliographies of important and current
information resources: BLHistoricalOverview of the Region
BLReligion BLEconomy BLThe Arts BLSociety BLScience and Technology
BLGlobal Ties The Global Ties essays will trace any political,
social, economic, religious, technological, or commercial
connections that existed between the region under discussion and
any other world regions during the Middle Ages. Each regional
section will also include a series of brief entries covering
peopel, events, developments, and concepts mentioned in the
in-depth essays. Examples of entry topics include the following:
BLBerbers BLEmperor Harsha BLEthiopian Christianity BLFlowery
Warfare BLFootbinding BLHildegard of Bingen BLJainism BLJihad
BLMaya Collapse BLNeo-Confucianism BLRomanesque BLSharia A series
of sidebars in each section will provide lists, graphs, charts, and
other useful data relating to the region. Each section will also be
illustrated and will include a selection of interesting primary
documents that further illustrate the main themes addressed in the
in-depth essays. Cross-references within the sections and a
detailed subject index will also help readers access information in
the essays and short entries.
An extensive and fascinating collection of stories featuring both
famous and everyday women, giving a well-rounded view of the lives
of women in the ancient world. When did women first become rulers,
athletes, soldiers, heroines, and villains? They always were,
observes historian Judith Salisbury. From Mesopotamian priestesses
and poets to Egyptian queens and consorts, "there was never a time
when women did not participate in all aspects of society."
Salisbury tells the stories of 150 women from the ancient world,
ranging from the very famous, such as Cleopatra VII, immortalized
by Hollywood, to the barely remembered, such as the Roman poet
Nossis. Writing for a general audience, Salisbury begins by
painting each woman into her historical context, then recounts each
woman's story, describing the choices she made as she looked for
happiness, wealth, power, or well-being for herself and her
family—stories much like our own. In entries on general
themes—clothing, cosmetics, work, sexuality, prostitution,
gynecology—Salisbury analyzes the commonalties in the lives of
these women of antiquity from a cross-cultural perspective.
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