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Originally published in 1990, The Politics of Ethnic Pressure
examines and evaluates the lobbying activities of the American
Jewish Committee (AJC) between 1906 and 1917. The AJC worked to
confront two specific problems: the outbreak of a series of
programs against the Jews in Russia, and the campaign of the
restrictionists in the United States who sought to impede the entry
of the "new immigrants" from eastern and southern Europe. This book
focuses on the lobbying activities of the AJC with respect to these
issues, and puts forward key questions as to why they cared about
the Russian problem, how they viewed their place within American
society, and how they lobbied on behalf of their Jewish interests.
Originally published in 1990, The Politics of Ethnic Pressure
examines and evaluates the lobbying activities of the American
Jewish Committee (AJC) between 1906 and 1917. The AJC worked to
confront two specific problems: the outbreak of a series of
programs against the Jews in Russia, and the campaign of the
restrictionists in the United States who sought to impede the entry
of the "new immigrants" from eastern and southern Europe. This book
focuses on the lobbying activities of the AJC with respect to these
issues, and puts forward key questions as to why they cared about
the Russian problem, how they viewed their place within American
society, and how they lobbied on behalf of their Jewish interests.
Do people's beliefs help to explain foreign policy decisions, or is
political activity better understood as the self-interested
behavior of key actors? The collaborative effort of a group of
distinguished scholars, this volume breaks new ground in
demonstrating how ideas can shape policy, even when actors are
motivated by rational self-interest. After an introduction
outlining a new framework for approaching the role of ideas in
foreign policy making, well-crafted case studies test the approach.
The function of ideas as "road maps" that reduce uncertainty is
examined in chapters on human rights, decolonialization, the
creation of socialist economies in China and Eastern Europe, and
the postwar Anglo-American economic settlement. Discussions of
parliamentary ideas in seventeenth-century England and of the
Single European Act illustrate the role of ideas in resolving
problems of coordination. The process by which ideas are
institutionalized is further explored in chapters on the Peace of
Westphalia and on German and Japanese efforts to cope with
contemporary terrorism.
No scholar better exemplifies the intellectual challenges foisted
on the Neorealist school of international relations than prominent
scholar Stephen Krasner (Graham H. Stuart Professor of
International Studies, the Senior Associate Dean for the Social
Sciences, School of Humanities & Sciences, and Director of
Policy Planning at the US State Department 2005-2007). Throughout
his career he has wrestled with realism's promises and limitations.
Krasner has always been a prominent defender of realism and the
importance of power understood in material terms, whether military
or economic. Yet realist frameworks rarely provided a complete
explanation for outcomes, in Krasner's analyses, and much of his
work involved understanding power's role in situations not well
explained by realism. If states seek power, why do we see
cooperation? If hegemony promotes cooperation why does cooperation
continue in the face of America's decline? Do states actually
pursue their national interests or do domestic structures and
values derail the rational pursuit of material objectives?
Krasner's explanations were as diverse as were the problems. They
pushed, to use his phrase, "the limits of realism." Edited by
Martha Finnemore and Judith Goldstein, Back to Basics asks scholars
to reflect on the role power plays in contemporary politics and how
a power politics approach is influential today. The arguments made
by the authors in this volume speak to one of three themes that run
through Krasner's work: state power and hegemony; the relationship
between states and markets; conceptions of the nation state in
international politics. These themes appeared regularly in
Krasner's scholarship as he wrestled, over his career, with
fundamental questions of inter-state politics. Contributors largely
agree on the centrality of power but diverge substantially on the
ways power is manifest and should be measured and understood. Many
of the contributors confronted the same intellectual dilemmas as
Krasner in struggling to define power and its relationship to
interests, yet their responses are different. Together, these
essays explore new ways of thinking about power's role in
contemporary politics and demonstrate the concepts continued
relevance for both policy and theory.
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