This open access book explores the role of continuity in political processes and practices during the Age of Revolutions. It argues that the changes that took place in the years around 1800 were enabled by different types of continuities across Europe and in the Americas. With historians of modernity tending to emphasise the rise of the new, scholarship has leaned towards an assumption that existing modes of action, thought and practice simply became extinct, irrelevant or at least subordinate to new modes. In contrast, this collection examines continuities between early modern and modern political cultures and organization in Europe and the Americas. Shifting the focus from political modernization, the authors examine the continued relevance of older, often local, practices in (post)revolutionary politics. By doing so, they aim to highlight the role of local political traditions and practices in forging and enabling political change. The book argues that while political change was in fact at the centre of both the old and new polities that emerged in the Age of Revolutions, it coexisted with, and was indeed enabled by, continuities at other levels.

This open access book explores the role of continuity in political processes and practices during the Age of Revolutions. It argues that the changes that took place in the years around 1800 were enabled by different types of continuities across Europe and in the Americas. With historians of modernity tending to emphasise the rise of the new, scholarship has leaned towards an assumption that existing modes of action, thought and practice simply became extinct, irrelevant or at least subordinate to new modes. In contrast, this collection examines continuities between early modern and modern political cultures and organization in Europe and the Americas. Shifting the focus from political modernization, the authors examine the continued relevance of older, often local, practices in (post)revolutionary politics. By doing so, they aim to highlight the role of local political traditions and practices in forging and enabling political change. The book argues that while political change was in fact at the centre of both the old and new polities that emerged in the Age of Revolutions, it coexisted with, and was indeed enabled by, continuities at other levels.

This volume is the first to compare the position of Catholic minorities in England and the Dutch Republic. Looking beyond the tales of persecution that have dominated traditional historiography, the contributors focus on the realities of Catholic existence. Thematically organized, the book explores Catholicism as a minority culture that resorted to unorthodox means, both to retain its own identity, and to survive in a hostile political environment. It examines ritual, material culture, international networks, and above all relations: between laity and clergy, men and women, Catholics and Protestants. By highlighting differences as well as similarities between the English and Dutch experiences, "Catholic Communities in Protestant States" will help both undergraduate readers and specialists to rethink the history of Catholicism and the consequences of minority status for religious communities.

Now available in paperback, this volume compares the position of Catholic minorities in England and the Dutch Republic. Looking beyond the tales of persecution that have dominated traditional historiography, the contributors focus on the realities of Catholic existence. Thematically organised, the book explores Catholicism as a minority culture that resorted to unorthodox means, both to retain its own identity, and to survive in a hostile political environment. It examines ritual, material culture, international networks, and above all relations: between laity and clergy, men and women, Catholics and Protestants By highlighting differences as well as similarities between the English and Dutch experiences, 'Catholic communities in Protestant states' will help both undergraduate readers and specialists to rethink the history of Catholicism and the consequences of minority status for religious communities. -- .

Mining the unusually rich range of diaries, memoirs, and poems written by Catholics in the sixteenth-century Low Countries, Judith Pollmann explores how Catholic believers experienced religious and political change in the generations between Erasmus and Rubens. The Revolt that ripped apart the sixteenth-century Netherlands came at the expense of a civil war, that eventually became a war of religion. Originally both Catholics and Protestants supported the rebellion, but it soon transpired that Catholics stood much to lose. Their churches were ravaged by iconoclasts, priests feared for their lives, and thousands of Catholics were forced to flee their hometowns; Calvinist city republics imposed radical religious changes, and in the rebel Dutch Republic Catholic worship was banned. Although the Habsburg Netherlands eventually witnessed the triumph of the militant Catholicism of the Baroque, Catholics throughout the Netherlands found that the Revolt had changed their lives forever.
By listening to the voices of individual Catholics, lay and clerical, Professor Pollmann offers a new perspective both on the Revolt of the Netherlands, and on the experience of religious change in this period. She asks why Catholics responded so passively to Calvinist aggression in the early decades of the conflict, only to start offering very active support for a Catholic revival after 1585, when the Habsburg Netherlands once again became a Catholic bulwark. By exploring what it took to turn traditional Christians into the agents of their own Counterreformation, she highlights the changing dynamic between priests and laypeople as a catalyst for religious change in early modern Europe.