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A little-known fact about the prominent US psychologist and
educator Carl E. Seashore (1866-1949) is that he was deeply
involved in the American eugenics movement. He was among the US
academics to support eugenics long before German Nazis embraced it.
A titan in a host of disciplines and a proponent of radical
education reform, Seashore used his positional power to promote a
constellation of education reforms consistent with central precepts
of eugenics. Many of these reforms, including tracking, gifted and
talented programs, and high-stakes standardized testing, were
adopted and remain standard practice in the United States today. He
promulgated the idea that musical talent is biologically
inheritable, and he developed the first standardized tests of
musical talent; these tests were used by early-twentieth-century
researchers in their attempts to determine whether there are race
differences in musical talent. Seashore's ideas and work profoundly
shaped music education's research trajectory, as well as enduring
'commonsense' beliefs about musical ability. An intersectional
analysis, Destined to Fail focuses on the relationship between
eugenics and Seashore's views on ability, race, and gender. Koza
concludes that Seashore promoted eugenics and its companion,
euthenics, because he was a true believer. She also discusses the
longstanding silences surrounding Seashore's participation in
eugenics. As a diagnosis and critique of the present, Destined to
Fail identifies resemblances and connections between past and
present that illustrate the continuing influence of eugenics-and
the systems of reasoning that made early-twentieth-century eugenics
imaginable and seem reasonable-on education discourse and practice
today. It maps out discursive, citational, and funding connections
between eugenicists of the early twentieth-century and contemporary
White supremacists; this mapping leads to some of Donald Trump's
supporters and appointees.
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